Immune-cell signatures of persistent inflammation-immunosuppression and catabolism syndrome

Sepsis is a debilitating disease with a worldwide prevalence. An increasing number of patients with sepsis, especially aged patients, suffer from chronic critical illness and develop persistent inflammation-immunosuppression and catabolism syndrome (PICS). Here, we profiled peripheral blood mononuclear cells in four patients with PICS, two patients with acute sepsis, and three healthy controls using single-cell RNA sequencing and systematic analyses. We found that gene expression patterns and developmental routes in distinct immune cell populations exhibited notable differences between patients with PICS, patients with acute sepsis, and healthy controls.