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Tracing functional (epi)genomic imprints and their evolutionary origins in human defense antiviral cellular response (STARR-transcripts-Seq)

GSE229442 Homo sapiens (human) ChIP-seq / ATAC-seq (genome binding and open chromatin) 20 samples Submitted 2025/02/24 Platform GPL18573
At a glance

ChIP-seq / ATAC-seq (genome binding and open chromatin) · human · 20 samples

What it is
ChIP-seq / ATAC-seq (genome binding and open chromatin)Where proteins bind the genome, or which regions are open and active.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Samples
20 samples
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
An evolutionarily conserved constellation of functional cis-elements programs the virus-responsive fate of the human (epi)genomeNucleic acids research · 2025
Summary (written by the submitters)
An integral part of human cellular homeostasis substantially relies on defense transcriptional responses tailored to fight microbial pathogens, including Viruses. However, a definitive anatomy of the “virus-responsive” fates of the non-coding genome was largely elusive.
Read the full summary ↓
Here, we exhaustively assayed the human transcriptome and epigenome under naïve and antiviral cellular states and defined remarkable reprogramming to mark the exchange of cellular fates, involving previously unspecified, unsupervised, or overlooked non-coding entities endowed with thousands of novel virus-responsive enhancers, Super-enhancers (SEs), and Repetitive DNA enhancers. These functional determinants demonstrate superior chromatin architecture, stimulus-specificity, and transcriptional fitness, and neighbor, reside proximal, or entirely coincide with hundreds of the virus-stimulated genes, while a multitude of those is bound by the master antimicrobial TFs, IRF3 or/and NFκB, upon cell infection. A plethora of these DNA elements is traced within the repetitive fate of the human genome including Simple Tandem Repeats (STRs), Dispersed Repeats (DRs) such as retrotransposons and DNA transposons, and chimeras of those, enriched in HCTFBSs recognized by IRF3 or/and NFκB and exhibits pervasive imprints in the genomes of evolutionary recent, old and ancient species, including viruses. These findings emphasize the role of the architectural and functional compartmentalization of the human epigenome in naïve and infected cells on the perplexing natural conflicts and mechanistic dependencies that impose the frontage of defense gene expression in humans.
Published in
An evolutionarily conserved constellation of functional cis-elements programs the virus-responsive fate of the human (epi)genome
Koutsi MA, Pouliou M, Chatzopoulos D et al. · Nucleic acids research 2025 · PMID 40131776 · doi:10.1093/nar/gkaf207
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE229442_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: Look for peak files (.bed, .narrowPeak) and signal tracks (.bigWig) among the supplementary files; the raw reads are on ENA.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA954444 and SRA study SRP432063. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Samples in this study

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+ 20 more — browse all 20 samples with per-sample file links →

Datasets on a similar topic

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