Single-nucleus transcriptomic sequencing and cross integration comparison of multiple species revealed new cell composition and specific gene marker in hippocampal aging

Brain aging is a major risk factor for many brain diseases, which seriously affects the quality of life and even life span, and poses an increasingly serious threat to human health. Research shows that anti-aging and an extra year of life expectancy could bring $38 trillion in economic gains. Therefore, it is urgent to study the mechanism of brain aging, find effective ways to improve aging and improve the quality of life of the aging population. In the early stage, we established the culture system of activated urine stem cells (aUSCs), which can significantly improve the nerve cell senescence in vitro and brain aging of natural aging mice and macaques, suggesting that aUSCs have strong anti-brain aging ability; The results of single-nucleus sequencing of mouse hippocampus suggested that anti-aging was achieved by changing the glial cell subset to constitutively inhibit inflammatory signaling to reduce inflammatory response. Based on this, this topic continues to conduct aUSCs intervention on naturally aging rhesus monkeys to study the anti-brain aging effect and potential mechanism of aUSCs in non-human primates; Meanwhile, the human cerebral organoid model was applied to further study the anti-brain aging effect and potential mechanism of aUSCs in the human brain. Therefore, this topic not only screens seed cells for state-supported stem cell transformation applications, but also provides solutions for the problems caused by world aging, which has great scientific significance and economic value. In order to explore the mechanism of aUSCs anti-brain aging, we used single-cell sequencing to analyze the effect of aUSCs on the hippocampus of aging mice.