BET protein-dependent E2F pathway confers bell-shaped type resistance to tankyrase inhibitors in APC-mutated colorectal cancer [CUT&RUN]

In colorectal cancer (CRC), WNT/β-catenin signaling is aberrantly activated mainly by loss-of-function mutations in adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and is involved in tumor progression. Tankyrase inhibitors, which suppress WNT/β-catenin signaling, are under pre-clinical and clinical trials, while their resistance mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we established tankyrase inhibitor-resistant CRC cells, JC73-RK100, from APC-mutated patient-derived CRC cells. JC73-RK100 cells and several CRC cells were sensitive to tankyrase inhibitors at low concentrations but were resistant at high concentrations (i.e., bell-shaped dose response: BSDR). Mechanistically, tankyrase inhibitors at high concentrations promoted BRD3/4-dependent E2F target gene transcription and over-activated cell cycle progression in the BSDR cells. BET inhibitors canceled the bell-shaped dose response to tankyrase inhibitors. Taken together, these observations suggest that combination of tankyrase and BET inhibitors would be a useful therapeutic approach to overcome a subset of resistance to tankyrase inhibitors.