Single-cell sequencing data on decidua and chorionic villi in the human placenta

The human placenta (the extra-embryonic organ in which the fetus is made) is essential for conception and protection of the fetus during pregnancy. Extravillous trophoblasts (EVT) from placental villi infiltrate the decidua and convert maternal arteries into high-conductance vessels. Defects in trophoblast invasion and arterial conversion in early pregnancy are at the root of common pregnancy disorders such as preeclampsia. Here, we generated ecdysone and chorionic monocytic profiles across different gestational weeks spanning the 22-45 year age range, which allowed us to resolve the differentiation trajectory of trophoblast cells at implantation and its relationship with maternal age. We used this age atlas to identify age nodes of placental implantation change, revealing patterns of EVT implantation in advanced versus normal maternal age. Our data provide a comprehensive analysis of post-bedding trophoblast cell differentiation and may inform the design of experimental models of the placenta in early human pregnancy.