← BioTransfer GEO Dataset Finder
GEO series

Pseudogenes contribute to the evolution of topological domains across species via forming three-dimensional genome [RNA-Seq]

GSE246286 Homo sapiens (human) RNA-seq (gene expression) 10 samples Submitted 2025/10/01 Platform GPL24676
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · human · 10 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Samples
10 samples
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Summary (written by the submitters)
The human genome harbors 15,000 pseudogenes, except very few can transcribe non-coding RNAs or encode truncated proteins, a large number of which without transcriptional capacity are functional unknown. Here, we found that DNA sequence of pseudogenes can form chromatin contacts, acting as anchors of chromatin loops and boundaries of topological associated domains (TADs), many of them are proved to be structural important and essential for human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) survival.
Read the full summary ↓
Incorporating genetic data, we defined a hominoidea-specific pseudogene, TUBBP2, which acted as a TAD boundary by enriching CTCF, to maintain the 3D genome and self-renewal of hESCs. Evolutionally, TUBBP2 was generated in 18.8 million years ago through retroposition and inherited the CTCF binding motif from its parent gene-TUBB, thus enhance the strength of TADs at the insertion site in great apes genome. More amazing, by inheritance from parent genes or sequence variation, a part of pseudogenes can introduce additional CTCF binding sequence at their insertion sites to generate species-specific topological domains, which may contribute to species evolution. Overall, we not only demonstrate the essentiality of pseudogenes in the formation and maintenance of 3D chromatin structure, but provide insights on their functions of driving species evolution.
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE246286_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1032450 and SRA study SRP468541. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Samples in this study

The sample list for this study is not cached yet. Press Load samples and it will be fetched from NCBI.

+ 10 more — browse all 10 samples with per-sample file links →

Datasets on a similar topic

Search all human RNA-seq datasets in GEO →

Share this dataset

Metadata from NCBI GEO, cached and refreshed periodically — the NCBI page above is authoritative. Downloads link straight to NCBI/ENA; nothing is proxied through BioTransfer.