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NF-κB- and TET2-mediated macrophage reprogramming overrides the anti-inflammatory effects of hypoxia and improves responses in human cancer (RNA-Seq I).

GSE261322 Homo sapiens (human) RNA-seq (gene expression) 20 samples Submitted 2024/10/09 Platform GPL28038
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · human · 20 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Samples
20 samples: 20 samples, each with a distinct title — no replicated groupsGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
NF-κB and TET2 promote macrophage reprogramming in hypoxia that overrides the immunosuppressive effects of the tumor microenvironmentScience advances · 2024
Summary (written by the submitters)
Macrophages orchestrate various aspects of immunity and tissue homeostasis in health and disease. In cancer, the presence of macrophages is largely associated with poor prognosis, due to their reprogramming into immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this study, we investigated the effects of hypoxia, a key feature of the TME, on the functional, epigenetic, and transcriptional status of macrophages.
Read the full summary ↓
Surprisingly, we found that hypoxia boosts the immunogenicity of macrophages in vitro, in a process that is partially regulated by DNA methylation. Specifically, we find a cluster of pro-inflammatory genes that undergo DNA demethylation and transcriptional upregulation during macrophage activation in hypoxia. These genes are regulated by NF-κB, while HIF1α contributes to the transcriptional program through DNA methylation-independent mechanisms. In cancers such as bladder and ovarian carcinomas, the signatures of hypoxic inflammatory macrophages are found in immune-rich tumors, where they correlate with better patient prognoses. The NF-κB-associated DNA hypomethylation is recapitulated in an in vivo-equivalent subset of hypoxic inflammatory macrophages, isolated from ovarian tumors, validating the translation of the in vitro results. Functionally, co-culture assays and putative cell-cell communication analyses suggest that hypoxic-activated macrophages enhance T cell-mediated responses. Our results challenge existing paradigms regarding the effects of hypoxia on macrophages and highlight novel target cells to ameliorate cancer responses.
Published in
NF-κB and TET2 promote macrophage reprogramming in hypoxia that overrides the immunosuppressive effects of the tumor microenvironment
de la Calle-Fabregat C, Calafell-Segura J, Gardet M et al. · Science advances 2024 · PMID 39292770 · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adq5226
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE261322_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1086490 and SRA study SRP494558. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Study design
20 samples, each with a distinct title — no replicated groups

Any grouping that defines a comparison lives in the sample characteristics, which GEO records separately from the titles.

How we read this: Read from 20 sample titles: 20 distinct titles with little repetition. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
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