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Co-STARs: Combining the advantages of chimeric antigen and T cell receptors for cancer targeting

GSE266456 Homo sapiens (human) RNA-seq (gene expression) 108 samples Submitted 2025/07/09 Platform GPL24676
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · human · 108 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Samples
108 samples: 36 conditions, mostly in triplicateGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
Preclinical studies show that Co-STARs combine the advantages of chimeric antigen and T cell receptors for the treatment of tumors with low antigen densitiesScience translational medicine · 2024
Summary (written by the submitters)
Two types of engineered T cells have been successfully used to treat cancer patients, one with an antigen recognition domain derived from antibodies (chimeric antigen receptors, CARs) and the other derived from T-cell receptors (TCRs). CARs employ high-affinity antigen binding domains and co-stimulatory domains to augment T-cell activation but can only react against target cells with relatively high amounts of antigen.
Read the full summary ↓
TCRs have a much lower affinity for their antigens but can react against target cells displaying only a few antigen molecules. Here we describe a new type of receptor, called a Co-STAR (for Co-stimulatory Synthetic T-cell receptor and Antigen Receptor), that combines aspects of both CARs and TCRs. In Co-STARs, the antigen-recognizing components of TCRs are replaced by high-affinity antibody fragments and co-stimulation is provided by two modules that drive NFκB signaling (MyD88 and CD40). We demonstrate that Co-STARs produce robust T-cell expansion and induce long-term regressions of mouse tumors bearing very low densities of antigen.
Published in
Preclinical studies show that Co-STARs combine the advantages of chimeric antigen and T cell receptors for the treatment of tumors with low antigen densities
Mog BJ, Marcou N, DiNapoli SR et al. · Science translational medicine 2024 · PMID 38985855 · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.adg7123
This dataset
Open GSE266456 in finder → Find more human RNA-seq datasets →
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

Series matrix ↓
2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE266456_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

All supplementary files ↗ Whole study · RAW.tar ↓
3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

Raw reads on ENA ↗

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1107213 and SRA study SRP505480. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

NCBI GEO page ↗ Paper (PMID 38985855) ↗
Study design
36 conditions, mostly in triplicate
STAR-3 T cells,CD4 subset, cultured with KMS2… ×3 STAR-3 T cells,CD8 subset, cultured with KMS2… ×3 STAR-3 T cells,CD4 subset, cultured with KMS2… ×3 STAR-3 T cells,CD8 subset, cultured with KMS2… ×3 STAR-3 T cells,CD4 subset, cultured with No t… ×3 STAR-3 T cells,CD8 subset, cultured with No t… ×3 Co-STAR-1 T cells,CD4 subset, cultured with K… ×3 Co-STAR-1 T cells,CD8 subset, cultured with K… ×3 +28 more

Supports a between-group comparison across 108 samples.

How we read this: 36 replicated groups read from 108 sample titles; they account for 108 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study

+ 68 more — browse all 108 samples with per-sample file links →

Datasets on a similar topic

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