Effects of oxidized LDL versus IL-1ß/TNF-ɑ/INFɣ on human gingival mesenchymal stem cells properties

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is an important player in the course of metabolic inflammatory diseases. oxLDL was identified in the gingival crevicular fluid, denoting possible associations between oxLDL-induced inflammation and periodontal disease. The current investigation compared direct effects of oxLDL to a cytokine cocktail of IL-1ß/TNF-ɑ/INF-γ on gingival mesenchymal stem cells’ (G-MSCs) attributes. G-MSCs exhibited all mesenchymal stem cells’ characteristics. oxLDL- and cytokine-group displayed no disparities in their stemness markers (p>0.05). Next-generation-sequencing revealed altered expression of the TXNIP gene in response to oxLDL treatment compared to controls (p=0.04). Following an initial boosting for up to 5 days by inflammatory stimuli, over 14 day, cellular counts [median count x10-5(Q25/Q75)] were utmost in control- [2.6607(2.0804/4.5357)], followed by cytokine- [0.0433(0.0026/1.4215)] and significantly lowered in the oxLDL-group [0.0274(0.0023/0.7290);p=0.0047). Osteogenic differentiation [median relative Ca2⁺ content(Q25/Q75)] was significantly lower in cytokine- [0.0066(0.0052/0.0105)] compared to oxLDL- [0.0144(0.0108/0.0216)] (p=0.0133), with no differences notable for chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation (p>0.05). Within the current investigation’s limitations, in contrast to cytokine mediated inflammation, G-MSCs appear to be minimally responsive to oxLDL-mediated metabolic inflammation, with little effect on their regenerative attributes.