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Aging restricts maturation of CXCL13+ T follicular helper cells in human immunity

GSE270554 Homo sapiens (human) RNA-seq (gene expression) 24 samples Submitted 2026/04/27 Platform GPL24676
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · human · 24 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Samples
24 samples: 24 samples, each with a distinct title — no replicated groupsGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
Aging restricts maturation of CXCL13(+) T follicular helper cells in human immunityCell reports · 2026
Summary (written by the submitters)
Secondary lymphoid organs are concentrated sites of adaptive immune responses, but how these structures change over the lifespan is unclear. Recent work has revealed unique alterations to T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in older individuals. However, the gene-regulatory control of Tfh cell development in the context of aging has not been explored.
Read the full summary ↓
Here, we characterized Tfh cells from human tonsil tissue, finding impaired B cell help, reduced tissue organizational cues, and restricted development with age. Maturation of Tfh cells in older adults was limited by gene-expression programs acquired during early differentiation of naïve CD4T cell precursors, including targets of critical transcriptional regulators like TCF7 and LEF1. Collectively, these results suggest that the transcriptional control of naïve CD4T cell differentiation has a lasting impact on subsequent Tfh maturation. Therefore, the state of the naïve CD4T cell pool during human aging can impair the ability to mount a protective adaptive immune response.
Published in
Aging restricts maturation of CXCL13(+) T follicular helper cells in human immunity
Bracey NA, Beppler C, Bilich T et al. · Cell reports 2026 · PMID 42241286 · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117423
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE270554_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1127481 and SRA study SRP515846. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Study design
24 samples, each with a distinct title — no replicated groups

Any grouping that defines a comparison lives in the sample characteristics, which GEO records separately from the titles.

How we read this: Read from 24 sample titles: 24 distinct titles with little repetition. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
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Metadata from NCBI GEO, cached and refreshed periodically — the NCBI page above is authoritative. Downloads link straight to NCBI/ENA; nothing is proxied through BioTransfer.