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Substained DNA demethylation and discordant chromatin accessibility dynamics define enhancer regulation during neural progenitor cell differentiation [ATACme]

GSE271127 Homo sapiens (human) DNA methylation 18 samples Submitted 2025/03/31 Platform GPL24676
At a glance

DNA methylation · human · 18 samples

What it is
DNA methylationChemical marks on DNA that help switch genes on or off.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Samples
18 samples: 18 samples, each with a distinct title — no replicated groupsGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Summary (written by the submitters)
Epigenetic mechanisms govern the transcriptional activity of lineage-specifying enhancers; but recent work challenges the dogma that both chromatin accessibility and DNA hypomethylation are prerequisites for transcription, highlighting a need to understand their coordinated dynamics. We established a highly-resolved timeline of DNA demethylation, chromatin accessibility, and transcription factor (TF) occupancy during early human cell differentiation.
Read the full summary ↓
We show >30,000 lineage-specifying enhancers undergo rapid and transient accessibility changes associated with distinct periods of TF expression. By contrast, enhancer DNA methylation changes are prolonged, unidirectional and delayed relative to chromatin dynamics, creating discordant epigenetic states. Using 6-base sequencing to detect methyl-intermediate, 5hmC, revealed that, for a subset of enhancers, TET-mediated, active demethylation begins prior to, and is maintained independently of, TF binding. In fact, machine learning models trained on 5-hydroxymethylation can predict of future chromatin states. Complete demethylation persists long after TF binding and accessibility have dissipated, suggesting that long-lasting hypomethylation of certain enhancers is a historical record of previous activity.
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE271127_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: Look for beta-value tables or raw IDAT files among the supplementary files.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1130011 and SRA study SRP517083. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Study design
18 samples, each with a distinct title — no replicated groups

Any grouping that defines a comparison lives in the sample characteristics, which GEO records separately from the titles.

How we read this: Read from 18 sample titles: 18 distinct titles with little repetition. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
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Metadata from NCBI GEO, cached and refreshed periodically — the NCBI page above is authoritative. Downloads link straight to NCBI/ENA; nothing is proxied through BioTransfer.