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Tumor-Initiating Stem Cells Fine-tune the Cell States of Neutrophils to Drive Cancer Relapse from Immunotherapy [Parse scRNAseq]

GSE278435 Mus musculus Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing 8 samples Submitted 2025/10/07 Platform GPL34328
Summary
The highly heterogeneous and plastic nature of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) has been recognized, but how different cell states of TANs emerge, evolve, distribute, and impact cancer immunotherapy efficacy remains elusive. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomic analysis, and genetic manipulations, we show that, while anti-PDL1/CD40 agonist immunotherapy can reprogram TANs to gain strong anti-tumor activities in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), a subset of neutrophils residing at the tumor-stroma interface can preserve their immune-suppressive state. Importantly, we identified a group of Sox2Hi tumor-initiating stem cells (tSCs) at the tumor-stroma interface that can activate Fatty Acid Desaturase 1 (Fads1) and produce arachidonic acid (AA) to induce autocrine prostaglandin E2 signaling which can disrupt the interferon responses in neutrophils. Thus, through this interaction, tSCs fine-tunes the cell states of neutrophils, shapes neutrophil heterogeneity, and sculpts a protective micro-niche to drive cancer relapse following immunotherapy.
Published in
Tumor-initiating stem cells fine-tune the plasticity of neutrophils to sculpt a protective niche
Guo W, Luan J, Huang X et al. · Cancer cell 2026 · PMID 41349542 · doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2025.11.001
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Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1167267 and SRA study SRP535750. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

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