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Synergistic Effects of Retinol and Retinyl Palmitate in Alleviating UVB-Induced DNA Damage and Promoting the Homologous Recombination Repair in Keratinocytes

GSE289113 Homo sapiens (human) RNA-seq (gene expression) 15 samples Submitted 2026/02/07 Platform GPL24676
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · human · 15 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Samples
15 samples: 5 conditions, mostly in triplicateGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
Synergistic effects of retinol and retinyl palmitate in alleviating UVB-induced DNA damage and promoting the homologous recombination repair in keratinocytesFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025
Summary (written by the submitters)
Ultraviolet B (UVB) rays are a type of ultraviolet radiation emitted by the sun, primarily responsible for skin photodamage. These rays mainly affect the epidermis, leading to direct damage to DNA and contributing to skin cancer development. Retinol and its derivatives are effective in combating skin aging and photodamage, but they often cause skin intolerance, limiting their use despite their potent effects.
Read the full summary ↓
Therefore, investigating optimal compositions of retinoids is essential to enhance their efficacy against photodamage. In this study, we aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of retinol (ROL) and retinyl palmitate (RPalm) in alleviating UVB-induced DNA damage in human keratinocytes (HaCaT). Applying the ROL+RPalm combination after UVB exposure in HaCaT cells significantly reduced inflammation and apoptosis while promoting collagen synthesis compared to individual treatments with ROL or RPalm. Through bulk mRNA sequencing, we identified that the biological function of the ROL+RPalm synergy is primarily directed toward mediating DNA damage repair. Using comet assays, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry, we demonstrated the anti-DNA damage effects of ROL+RPalm in HaCaT cells and reconstructed human epidermis. We further elucidated that the molecular mechanism underlying the ROL+RPalm combination involves the activation of RARβ, which subsequently triggers the ATM-CHK2-p53 signaling pathway and increases the expression of homologous recombination (HR)-associated repair genes. This combination presents a potential therapeutic strategy for UVB-induced photodamage and emphasizes the synergistic effects of ROL and RPalm in alleviating UVB-induced DNA damage.
Published in
Synergistic effects of retinol and retinyl palmitate in alleviating UVB-induced DNA damage and promoting the homologous recombination repair in keratinocytes
Zhong J, Liang L, Zhao N et al. · Frontiers in pharmacology 2025 · PMID 40343007 · doi:10.3389/fphar.2025.1562244
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE289113_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1221568 and SRA study SRP562717. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Study design
5 conditions, mostly in triplicate
Hacat cell, control ×3 Hacat cell, UVB ×3 Hacat cell, ROL ×3 Hacat cell, Rplam ×3 Hacat cell, R ×3

Supports a between-group comparison across 15 samples.

How we read this: 5 replicated groups read from 15 sample titles; they account for 15 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
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