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A novel butyrate derivative, zinc dibutyroyllysinate, blunts MITF expression and up-regulates retinol and differentiation pathway mRNAs in a full-thickness human skin model

GSE290668 Homo sapiens (human) RNA-seq (gene expression) 12 samples Submitted 2025/03/03 Platform GPL16791
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · human · 12 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Samples
12 samples
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
A Novel Butyrate Derivative, Zinc Dibutyroyllysinate, Blunts Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor Expression and Up-Regulates Retinol and Differentiation Pathway mRNAs in a Full-Thickness Human Skin ModelInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025
Summary (written by the submitters)
Lysine, butyric acid and zinc play important roles in skin homeostasis that involve aging, inflam-mation and prevention of skin barrier disruption. This bioactivity spectrum is not replicated by any one topical compound currently in use. Our purpose in this study was to characterize a novel compound, zinc dibutyroyllysinate (ZDL), consisting of zinc with lysine and butyric acid moieties.
Read the full summary ↓
We used RNA-seq to evaluate its effect on gene expression in a full-thickness skin model. We show that lysine alone has minimal effects on gene expression, whereas ZDL had greater transcriptional bioactivity. Effects of ZDL included increased expression of genes promoting epidermal differenti-ation and retinol metabolism, along with decreased expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and other melanogenesis genes. These effects were not replicated by an alternative salt compound (i.e., calcium dibutyroyllysinate). ZDL additionally led to a dose-dependent increase of extracellular matrix proteins in skin fibroblasts, including collagen I, collagen IV and prolidase. Loss of melanin secretion was also seen in ZDL-treated melanocytes. These results provide an initial characterization of ZDL as a novel topical agent. Our findings support a rationale for development of ZDL as a skincare ingredient, with potential applications for diverse conditions involving melanocyte hyperactivity, pigmentation, inflammation, or aging.
Published in
A Novel Butyrate Derivative, Zinc Dibutyroyllysinate, Blunts Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor Expression and Up-Regulates Retinol and Differentiation Pathway mRNAs in a Full-Thickness Human Skin Model
Swindell WR, Bojanowski K, Quijas G et al. · International journal of molecular sciences 2025 · PMID 40141086 · doi:10.3390/ijms26062442
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE290668_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1229507 and SRA study SRP566800. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Samples in this study

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+ 12 more — browse all 12 samples with per-sample file links →

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