GEO series

Cellular mechanisms of early brain overgrowth in autistic children: elevated levels of GPX4 and resistance to ferroptosis

GSE290910 Homo sapiens (human) RNA-seq (gene expression) 24 samples Submitted 2026/06/01 Platform GPL16791

At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · human · 24 samples

What it is: RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Samples: 24 samples: 24 samples, each with a distinct title — no replicated groupsGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get: A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.

Summary (written by the submitters)

Autistic individuals with disproportionate megalencephaly (ASD-DM), characterized by enlarged brains relative to body height, have higher rates of intellectual disability and face more severe cognitive challenges than autistic children with average brain sizes. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this neurophenotype remain poorly understood.

Read the full summary ↓

To investigate these mechanisms, we generated human induced pluripotent stem cells from non-autistic typically developing children and autistic children with and without disproportionate megalencephaly. We assessed these children longitudinally from ages two to twelve years using magnetic resonance imaging and comprehensive cognitive and medical evaluations. We show that neural progenitor cells (NPCs) derived from ASD-DM children exhibit increased rates of cell survival and suppressed cell death, accompanied by heightened oxidative stress and ferrous iron accumulation. Despite these stressors, ASD-DM NPCs actively suppress apoptosis and ferroptosis by regulating proteins such as caspase-3 (CASP3), poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Cellular ferroptotic signatures are further supported by elevated expression of selenocysteine genes, including GPX4, in the blood of ASD-DM children and their mothers, suggesting potential hereditary or environmental influences. Furthermore, we show that peripheral expression of GPX4 and other selenocysteine genes correlate with cognitive outcomes (IQ). These findings underscore the role of ferroptosis in autism, pointing to potential diagnostic biomarkers and targets for intervention.

This dataset

Open GSE290910 in finder → Find more human RNA-seq datasets →

Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

Series matrix ↓

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE290910_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

All supplementary files ↗ Whole study · RAW.tar ↓

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

Raw reads on ENA ↗

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1230743 and SRA study SRP567456. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

NCBI GEO page ↗

Study design

24 samples, each with a distinct title — no replicated groups

Any grouping that defines a comparison lives in the sample characteristics, which GEO records separately from the titles.

How we read this: Read from 24 sample titles: 24 distinct titles with little repetition. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study

GSM8825174 1116-NPC-ASDDM-Pool2-a
GSM8825175 1116-NPC-ASDDM-Pool2-b
GSM8825176 1128-NPC-TDN-Pool1-a
GSM8825177 1128-NPC-TDN-Pool1-b
GSM8825178 1164-NPC- ASDN- Pool1-a
GSM8825179 1164-NPC- ASDN- Pool1-b
GSM8825180 1206-NPC-ASDDM-Pool2-a
GSM8825181 1206-NPC-ASDDM-Pool2-b
GSM8825182 1358-NPC-ASDN-Pool2-a
GSM8825183 1358-NPC-ASDN-Pool2-b
GSM8825184 1428-NPC-TDN-Pool1-a
GSM8825185 1428-NPC-TDN-Pool1-b
GSM8825186 1485-NPC-ASDN-Pool1-a
GSM8825187 1485-NPC-ASDN-Pool1-b
GSM8825188 1853-NPC-TDN-Pool5-a
GSM8825189 1853-NPC-TDN-Pool5-b
GSM8825190 1928-NPC-ASDN-Pool2-a
GSM8825191 1928-NPC-ASDN-Pool2-b
GSM8825192 2140-NPC-TDN-Pool1-a
GSM8825193 2140-NPC-TDN-Pool1-b
GSM8825194 2220-NPC-ASDDM-Pool2-a
GSM8825195 2220-NPC-ASDDM-Pool2-b
GSM8825196 2349-NPC-ASDDM-Pool5-a
GSM8825197 2349-NPC-ASDDM-Pool5-b

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GSE301304 The Acetyltransferase ARD1 Induces Glutathione Synthesis to Facilitate Ferroptosis Evasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma 12 samples shares ferroptosis, cellular
GSE237951 Inhibition of EZH2 restores normal expression of genes associated with cysteine metabolism and ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma [RNA-seq] 8 samples shares ferroptosis, cellular

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Metadata from NCBI GEO, cached and refreshed periodically — the NCBI page above is authoritative. Downloads link straight to NCBI/ENA; nothing is proxied through BioTransfer.