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Cancer-induced nerve injury promotes resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy [scRNA-seq]

GSE292090 Mus musculus (mouse) Single-cell RNA-seq 1 samples Submitted 2025/07/31 Platform GPL34328
At a glance

Single-cell RNA-seq · mouse · 1 samples

What it is
Single-cell RNA-seqGene activity measured in thousands of individual cells, so cell types can be told apart.
Organism
Mus musculus (mouse)
Samples
1 samples
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
Cancer-induced nerve injury promotes resistance to anti-PD-1 therapyNature · 2025
Summary (written by the submitters)
Peri-neural invasion (PNI) is a well-established poor prognostic factor in multiple cancer types. However, the mechanisms driving the PNI's detrimental clinical effect remain elusive. Here, we provide clinical and mechanistic insights into PNI and cancer-induced injury of tumor-associated nerves (TANs) and their role in resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy.
Read the full summary ↓
Our work demonstrates that poor response to anti-PD-1 therapy in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), melanoma, and gastric cancer is associated with PNI and TANs injury. Ultrastructural electron microscopy analysis reveals that direct contact between cancer cells and nerve fibers leads to cancer-induced nerve injury (CINI) via myelin degradation. Injured neurons respond by autonomously initiating an interleukin (IL)-6 and interferon (IFN) type I inflammatory response. This inflammatory response alters the immune activity in the peri-neural niche in melanoma, cSCC, and pancreatic adenocarcinoma, leading to an immuno-suppressive activity aimed at nerve healing and regeneration. As the tumor grows, the CINI burden increases, the inflammatory signal within the niche becomes chronic, and eventually skews the general immune tone within the tumor microenvironment to a suppressive and exhaustive state. The CINI-driven anti-PD-1 resistance can be reversed by targeting multiple steps in the CINI signaling process: denervating the tumor, conditional knockout of the transcription factor mediating the injury signal within neurons (cKO-Atf3), knockout of the IFN-a receptor signaling (Ifnar1-/-), or by combining anti-PD-1 and anti-IL-6-receptor blockade. Our findings demonstrate the direct immuno-regulatory roles of TANs and their therapeutic potential.
Published in
Cancer-induced nerve injury promotes resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy
Baruch EN, Gleber-Netto FO, Nagarajan P et al. · Nature 2025 · PMID 40836096 · doi:10.1038/s41586-025-09370-8
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE292090_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: Single-cell studies usually ship their counts as 10x files (matrix.mtx, barcodes.tsv, features.tsv), an .h5 file, or an .rds / .h5ad object that Seurat or Scanpy can open. Look for those among the supplementary files.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1236846 and SRA study SRP570766. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Samples in this study

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