Multiomics analysis unveils key biomarkers during dynamic progress of IAV infection in mice

Murine IAV infection models are vital for influenza research, but biomarker progression during the disease is unclear. This study aims to help improve disease surveillance and treatment outcome assessment by understanding viral infection dynamics and biological shifts from mild to severe symptoms in mouse models. The physiological parameters, viral load, inflammatory responses, and histopathological changes were evaluated in Balb/c mice infected with IAV over 14 days period. Intervention within 6 days after influenza virus infection is crucial to prevent severe illness. Using DIABLO multi-omics analysis, we analyzed transcriptomic and metabolomic data from mouse lung tissues and serum metabolomic data at 4, 6, 8, and 10 days post-infection. Several key biomarkers like Ccl8, Pdcd1, Gzmk, Kynurenine, L-Glutamine were identified during influenza infection. The serum-based influenza progression scoring system developed in this study provides precise treatment strategies and personalized plans for clinical management. This scoring system detects when the levels of L-Glutamine, adipoyl-carnitine, triacetic acid lactone, and isopropanol in the serum exceed 2.5 times the normal range, indicating that the patient is in the influenza infection phase (days 4-6). Intervening during this phase can effectively prevent the condition from deteriorating into a critical stage.