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Distinct Roles of IL-4, IL-13, and IL-22 in Human Skin Barrier Dysfunction and Atopic Dermatitis

GSE292848 Homo sapiens (human) RNA-seq (gene expression) 25 samples Submitted 2025/12/05 Platform GPL24676Platform GPL34284
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · human · 25 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Samples
25 samples: 5 conditions, mostly with about 5 replicates eachGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
Distinct Roles of IL-4, IL-13, and IL-22 in Human Skin Barrier Dysfunction and Atopic DermatitisAllergy · 2026
Summary (written by the submitters)
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic type-2 inflammatory skin disease characterized by epithelial barrier dysfunction. IL-4, IL-13, and IL-22 represent major cytokines contributing to AD-pathogenesis. Models using reconstructed keratinocytes have been used in previous studies, however, did not represent the real skin situation. Here, we report the distinct effects of IL-4, IL-13, and IL-22 on bio-stabilized human skins with intact barriers and resident immune cells.
Read the full summary ↓
Spatial transcriptomics on AD-lesions and non-lesional skin of patients, and RNA-sequencing, and proteomics were performed in IL-4-, IL-13- and IL-22-treated native skins. Skin barrier integrity was evaluated using electrical impedance spectroscopy. Spatial transcriptomics demonstrated that CLDN1, FLG, and FLG2 were significantly downregulated in the epidermis of AD lesions. IL-4, IL-13, and IL-22 disrupted the skin barrier in the ex vivo human skin by downregulation of the genes and proteins critical for barrier function and keratinization. IL-4 and IL-13 suppressed, whereas IL-22 upregulated the antimicrobial peptides. Interestingly, IL-4 and IL-13 showed a cross-regulation with IL-22, by downregulation of IL-22Rα1 with IL-4 and IL-13 and upregulation of IL-4Rα with IL-22. Three months of dupilumab treatment in AD patients restored the IL-4 and IL-13-dysregulated genes, whereas genes co-regulated or only regulated by IL-22 remained unaltered. In conclusion, this study comprehensively provides insights into the distinct immune profiles following IL-4, IL-13, and IL-22 stimulation in human skin, highlighting their complex interplay in the pathogenesis of AD modulating keratinocyte and immune responses.
Published in
Distinct Roles of IL-4, IL-13, and IL-22 in Human Skin Barrier Dysfunction and Atopic Dermatitis
D'Avino P, Kim J, Li M et al. · Allergy 2026 · PMID 40985485 · doi:10.1111/all.70060
This dataset
Open GSE292848 in finder → Find more human RNA-seq datasets →
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

Series matrix ↓
2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE292848_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

All supplementary files ↗ Whole study · RAW.tar ↓
3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

Raw reads on ENA ↗

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1241732 and SRA study SRP572936. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

NCBI GEO page ↗ Paper (PMID 40985485) ↗
Study design
5 conditions, mostly with about 5 replicates each
NativeSkin, Control, 24h, biol ×5 NativeSkin, IL-4, 24h, biol ×5 NativeSkin, IL-13, 24h, biol ×5 NativeSkin, IL-4 + IL-13, 24h, biol ×5 NativeSkin, IL-22, 24h, biol ×5

Supports a between-group comparison across 25 samples.

How we read this: 5 replicated groups read from 25 sample titles; they account for 25 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
Datasets on a similar topic

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