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Single-cell TCR Profiling in Left Atria Identifies Complement Pathway Involvement in Atrial Fibrillation

GSE294456 Homo sapiens Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing 4 samples Submitted 2026/04/01 Platform GPL24676
Summary
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent arrhythmia and is strongly associated with stroke, heart failure, and increased mortality. However, the role of T cells in AF pathogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to characterize the detailed landscape and clonal expansion of T cells using single-cell TCR sequencing, and validate our findings via O-link proteomics in plasma. Analysis of left atrial tissues from eight AF patients identified five CD4+ T cells, six CD8+ T cells, and gamma delta T cells based on canonical gene expression markers. Notably, we observed clonal expansion of resident memory and cytotoxic T cells. CellChat analysis highlighted complement signaling–mediated interactions between T cells and fibroblasts. Furthermore, proteomics in plasma using the Olink platform confirmed enriched complement activation in non-paroxysmal AF compared to paroxysmal AF. These findings suggest that activation of complement pathway between T cells and fibroblasts contributes to atrial remodeling and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for AF.
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Direct links to NCBI, no account and no request form: the whole study as GSE294456_RAW.tar, processed values as the series matrix, the supplementary file directory, and per-sample supplementary files for any of the 4 samples. Raw sequencing reads are also available from ENA.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1249487 and SRA study SRP577769. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

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