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Soluble uric acid suppresses neutrophil-mediated host defense in sepsis

GSE294890 Homo sapiens (human) RNA-seq (gene expression) 30 samples Submitted 2026/04/14 Platform GPL28337
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · human · 30 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Samples
30 samples: 6 conditions, mostly with about 5 replicates eachGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
Soluble uric acid suppresses neutrophil-mediated host defense in sepsisNature communications · 2026
Summary (written by the submitters)
Neutrophils play a critical role in host defense and sterile inflammation. However, neutrophil dysfunction is a hallmark of the acquired immunodeficiency in kidney disease, contributing to an increased susceptibility to infections such as peritonitis, sepsis, and pneumonia. We speculated that the impaired renal clearance of the metabolite soluble uric acid (sUA) may account for neutrophil dysfunction.
Read the full summary ↓
Indeed, hyperuricemia (HU, serum UA of 9-14 mg/dL) related or unrelated to kidney disease significantly exacerbated the inflammatory immune response to infection by impairing neutrophil dynamics and functions in mice with mono- and polybacterial sepsis. This aggravated inflammatory response was partially reversible by lowering UA levels with febuxostat. We validated these findings in vitro using either neutrophils or serum from healthy individuals or hyperuricemic patients with chronic kidney disease. Depleting UA partially restored neutrophil dysfunction. Mechanistically, sUA impaired the phagocytic capability, bacterial clearance, and oxidative burst in neutrophils by modulating cytoskeletal dynamics and promoting degranulation, processes essential for host defense. In contrast, sUA had no impact on neutrophil extracellular trap formation in neutrophils from healthy subjects exposed to LPS or E.coli. Our findings identify HU related or unrelated to kidney disease as immune regulator in exacerbating the inflammatory response during sepsis, primarily by impairing neutrophil-mediated phagocytosis, pathogen clearance, and oxidative burst. Targeting UA may help to overcome the acquired immunodeficiency during infection, while aggravating sterile forms of inflammation.
Published in
Soluble uric acid suppresses neutrophil-mediated host defense in sepsis
Li Q, Anders J, Flora K et al. · Nature communications 2026 · PMID 42156746 · doi:10.1038/s41467-026-73090-4
This dataset
Open GSE294890 in finder → Find more human RNA-seq datasets →
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

Series matrix ↓
2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE294890_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

All supplementary files ↗ Whole study · RAW.tar ↓
3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

Raw reads on ENA ↗

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1251606 and SRA study SRP579049. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

NCBI GEO page ↗ Paper (PMID 42156746) ↗
Study design
6 conditions, mostly with about 5 replicates each
Human neutrophils medium ×5 Human neutrophils sUA ×5 Human neutrophils LPS ×5 Human neutrophils fMLP ×5 Human neutrophils sUA+LPS ×5 Human neutrophils sUA+fMLP ×5

Supports a between-group comparison across 30 samples.

How we read this: 6 replicated groups read from 30 sample titles; they account for 30 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
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