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LINE-1 locus transcription nucleates oncogenic chromatin architecture [RNA-Seq]

GSE296212 Homo sapiens (human) RNA-seq (gene expression) 80 samples Submitted 2025/12/17 Platform GPL34284Platform GPL30173
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · human · 80 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Samples
80 samples: 32 conditions, mostly in duplicateGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
LINE-1 Locus Transcription Nucleates Oncogenic Chromatin ArchitectureCancer discovery · 2026
Summary (written by the submitters)
Retrotransposons are a prolific class of genomic parasites frequently upregulated in human cancers, where their spontaneous mobility can generate insertional mutations and structural variations. However, whether retrotransposon-derived gene products contribute to cancer beyond retrotransposition remains unclear. Here, we identify an oncogenic, chromatin-associated function of RNAs produced by Long Interspersed Element-1 (LINE-1), the only autonomous human retrotransposon.
Read the full summary ↓
Sequencing analysis of subcellular fractions revealed that LINE-1 RNAs primarily exist as nascent transcripts expressed from full-length, cell type-specific genomic copies of evolutionarily young LINE-1 subfamilies. Through developing a long-read sequencing-based chromosome conformation assay, we uncovered a class of highly interactive LINE-1 loci essential for gene expression across cancer subtypes, establishing an unexpected regulatory link between LINE-1 locus transcription and oncogenic gene expression via long-range chromatin interactions. Depleting LINE-1 RNAs disrupted LINE-1-centric chromatin interactions, leading to the downregulation of associated genes, whereas inserting a LINE-1 element into an endogenous genomic locus induced de novo chromatin interactions in a transcription-dependent manner. Therefore, retrotransposons not only mutagenize linear genetic content but also regulate cancer gene expression through transcription-dependent nucleation of chromatin architecture.
Published in
LINE-1 Locus Transcription Nucleates Oncogenic Chromatin Architecture
Lee M Jr, Zhang Y, Lim JYS et al. · Cancer discovery 2026 · PMID 41489510 · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.CD-25-1085
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE296212_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1255274 and SRA study SRP582275. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Study design
32 conditions, mostly in duplicate
MCF7_LINE1_ASO1_RNA ×3 MCF7_LINE1_ASO2_RNA ×3 MCF7_SCR_ASO_RNA ×3 MCF7_iCas9_L1HS_175_KO ×3 MCF7_iCas9_L1HS_274_KO ×3 MCF7_iCas9_sgAAVS1 ×3 CaCo2_SCR_ASO_RNA ×3 CaCo2_LINE1_ASO2_RNA ×3 +26 more

Supports a between-group comparison across 78 samples.

How we read this: 32 replicated groups read from 80 sample titles; they account for 78 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study

+ 40 more — browse all 80 samples with per-sample file links →

Datasets on a similar topic

Search all human RNA-seq datasets in GEO →

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