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Human myeloid ontogeny drives differentiation potential in the brain environment [RNA-seq]

GSE299717 Homo sapiens (human) RNA-seq (gene expression) 37 samples Submitted 2026/02/26 Platform GPL24676
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · human · 37 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Samples
37 samples: 6 conditions, mostly with about 6 replicates eachGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
Global human myeloid replacement with peripheral progenitors induces interferonopathy and neurodegenerationResearch square · 2025
Summary (written by the submitters)
Microglia, the brain-resident macrophages, play key roles in neurodevelopment and aging, including neurogenesis, synaptic pruning, and myelination. Dysregulated microglia are implicated in various central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Developing safe microglia replacements and eliminating toxic microglia are promising but challenging approaches for treating CNS diseases.
Read the full summary ↓
Microglia uniquely originate from primitive yolk-sac hematopoiesis, unlike other tissue-resident macrophages that arise from the postnatal bone marrow. Previous studies show that peripheral macrophages fail to adopt microglial characteristics after transplantation. We aim to understand the transcriptional networks underlying the ontological and environmental differences between microglia and peripheral macrophages, which may guide therapeutic strategies. Using human stem cell-derived hematopoietic progenitors (iHPCs) in a humanized mouse model deficient in resident microglia, we demonstrate that iHPCs can replicate the yolk-sac-derived fate of human microglia. We transplanted iHPCs, CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells, and umbilical cord blood (UCB)-derived monocytes into murine brains and livers, comparing their differentiation into microglia/macrophages. We found that iHPCs generated more microglia-like cells in the brain compared to CD34+ cells and UCB-derived monocytes, with significant differences in migration and differentiation based on the tissue environment. These findings reveal transcriptional network differences influenced by ontogeny and environment, providing insights for developing microglial-based therapies for CNS disorders.
Published in
Global human myeloid replacement with peripheral progenitors induces interferonopathy and neurodegeneration
Wang J, Warden A, Xia B et al. · Research square 2025 · PMID 41256000 · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-7762822/v1
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE299717_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1276122 and SRA study SRP591733. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Study design
6 conditions, mostly with about 6 replicates each
monocytes_brain ×7 ec11_brain ×6 ec11_periphery ×6 CD34_brain ×6 CD34_periphery ×6 monocytes_periphery ×6

Supports a between-group comparison across 37 samples.

How we read this: 6 replicated groups read from 37 sample titles; they account for 37 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
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