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Polyphosphates attenuate interleukin-12 production in macrophages infected with Legionella pneumophila

GSE300226 Mus musculus (mouse) RNA-seq (gene expression) 16 samples Submitted 2026/05/21 Platform GPL24247
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · mouse · 16 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Mus musculus (mouse)
Samples
16 samples: 4 × Bone marrow-derived macrophages, unstimulated, vs 4 × Bone marrow-derived macrophages, long-chain polyphosphate treated, vs 4 × Bone marrow-derived macrophages, Legionella pneumophila infected, vs 4 × Bone marrow-derived macrophages, Legionella pneumophila and long-chain polyphosphate treated,Groups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
Polyphosphates Attenuate Interleukin-12 Production in Macrophages Infected With Legionella pneumophilaFASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026
Summary (written by the submitters)
Polyphosphates are evolutionarily conserved linear chains of phosphate residues present in all living cells. Bacteria accumulate polyphosphates under stress and starvation for energy and phosphate storage, protein folding, and stress adaptation. During infection, bacteria release polyphosphates that may impair host responses, although the exact mechanisms remain elusive.
Read the full summary ↓
In this study, polyphosphates were found to be elevated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from patients with Legionnaires’ disease, in Legionella pneumophila cultured alone, or during infection of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from C57BL/6J mice. We performed RNA-sequencing of infected BMDMs co-incubated with or without long-chain, bacterial-type polyphosphates. Among nearly 500 differentially expressed genes, Il12b (p40) showed the strongest suppression among highly expressed genes. IL-12p40 protein release was dose-dependently reduced by long-chain polyphosphates (~Pi 700), but not by short-chain, mammalian-type polyphosphates (Pi 70), indicating a specific bacterial mechanism targeting innate immune signaling. In contrast, IL-18, processed by inflammasome activation and synergizing functionally with IL-12, was not consistently suppressed. Polyphosphates predominantly inhibited LPS/TLR4 signaling, with Legionella-induced IL-12 relying on the MyD88 pathway, but not TRIF. RAGE and P2Y1, previously implicated in polyphosphate biology, were not required for IL-12 suppression. However, PI3K/AKT signaling appeared to mediate polyphosphate effects, which were reversed by the PI3K inhibitors, LY294002, copanlisib and eganelisib. Finally, long-chain polyphosphates suppressed IL-12 release also from human monocyte-derived macrophages exposed to L. pneumophila or LPS. In summary, our findings identify a selective inhibition of IL-12 by long-chain bacterial polyphosphates, suggesting that these molecules act as bacterial effectors capable of suppressing protective innate immune responses.
Published in
Polyphosphates Attenuate Interleukin-12 Production in Macrophages Infected With Legionella pneumophila
Vasilew K, Jayaraman A, Platten J et al. · FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 2026 · PMID 42219888 · doi:10.1096/fj.202502405RRR
This dataset
Open GSE300226 in finder → Find more mouse RNA-seq datasets →
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

Series matrix ↓
2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE300226_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

All supplementary files ↗ Whole study · RAW.tar ↓
3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

Raw reads on ENA ↗

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1279865 and SRA study SRP593532. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

NCBI GEO page ↗ Paper (PMID 42219888) ↗
Study design
4 × Bone marrow-derived macrophages, unstimulated, vs 4 × Bone marrow-derived macrophages, long-chain polyphosphate treated, vs 4 × Bone marrow-derived macrophages, Legionella pneumophila infected, vs 4 × Bone marrow-derived macrophages, Legionella pneumophila and long-chain polyphosphate treated,

Supports a between-group comparison across 16 samples.

How we read this: 4 replicated groups read from 16 sample titles; they account for 16 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
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