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Investigations into the biological activity of avobenzone as part of a Next Generation Risk Assessment

GSE300872 Homo sapiens (human) RNA-seq (gene expression) 328 samples Submitted 2026/06/25 Platform GPL16791
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · human · 328 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Samples
328 samples: 104 conditions, mostly in duplicateGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Summary (written by the submitters)
We show how New Approach Methodologies and functional analogues were used to identify the mode of action (MoA) for the sunscreen Avobenzone (AVB) and increase confidence in the selected Point of Departure (PoD) for NGRA. There were no structural analogues for AVB, therefore a read-across safety assessment was not possible.
Read the full summary ↓
To confirm the MoA for AVB in the safety assessment, potential functional analogues (PFAs) were identified using ToxCast and literature data, whereby AVB showed activity at 17 µM in the “TOX21_MMP_ratio down” assay, suggesting mitochondrial depolarisation is a target mechanism. Chemicals with the same potential bioactivity were 2-, 3- and 4-hydroxybenzophenone (HDBP), kaempferol and myricetin. To compare bioactivities, transcriptional profiles of AVB and PFAs were generated and used for connectivity map (CMap) analysis. AVB was also tested in an adapted pharmacology profiling panel (APPP). 100 µM AVB and myricetin both elicit transcriptional profiles consistent with a non-specific MoA, namely mitochondrial dysfunction, hypoxic stress and apoptosis. This aligns with effects observed for AVB in a repeated dose toxicity study. The remaining substances elicited a different response to AVB, showing instead similarity to chemicals acting via ER and AR. All toxicological targets in the APPP panel, including ER and AR, were unaltered by 5 µM AVB and gene expression in multiple cell types was unaltered by 10 µM AVB. In conclusion, the MoA of AVB is non-specific and of low potency. When PoDs are compared to human AVB plasma concentrations after sunscreen application, AVB exhibits a low risk to the consumer.
This dataset
Open GSE300872 in finder → Find more human RNA-seq datasets →
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

Series matrix ↓
2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE300872_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

All supplementary files ↗ Whole study · RAW.tar ↓
3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

Raw reads on ENA ↗

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1282492 and SRA study SRP594797. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

NCBI GEO page ↗
Study design
104 conditions, mostly in duplicate
A549, Avobenzone, CA10, 6h, E ×3 A549, Myricetin, CA11, 6h, E ×3 HepG2, Avobenzone, CH10, 6h, E ×3 HepG2, Myricetin, CH11, 6h, E ×3 iCAR, Avobenzone, Ci10, 6h, E ×3 iCAR, Myricetin, Ci11, 6h, E ×3 MCF7, Avobenzone, CM10, 6h, E ×3 MCF7, Myricetin, CM11, 6h, E ×3 +208 more

Supports a between-group comparison across 216 samples.

How we read this: 104 replicated groups read from 328 sample titles; they account for 216 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study

+ 288 more — browse all 328 samples with per-sample file links →

Datasets on a similar topic

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