2′-O-methylation-dependent installation of N2-methylguanosine in the U6 internal stem loop facilitates efficient spliceosome assembly

The internal stem loop (ISL) of the human U6 snRNA, which catalyzes pre-mRNA splicing, contains LARP7-dependent, snoRNA-guided 2?-O-methylations and an N2-methylguanosine (m2G) that is required for splicing of weak splice sites. Here, we show that installation of m2G72 by the THUMPD2-TRMT112 methyltransferase complex is one of the last maturation events during U6 snRNP biogenesis. We dissect features of THUMPD2 required for association with U6 and present an experimentally validated model of the THUMPD2-TRMT112-U6 complex. Using in vitro methylation assays as well as a newly developed m2G-sensitive deoxyribozyme to monitor U6-m2G72 levels in cellular RNAs, we reveal that 2?-O-methylations within the U6 ISL enhance methylation of G72. We show that m2G72 and the 2?-O-methylations in U6 independently and interdependently influence alternative splicing. Furthermore, our data demonstrate that 2?-O-methylations in the ISL are required for incorporation of U6 into snRNPs whereas m2G72 influences the progression of the U6 snRNP into larger assemblies, highlighting distinct roles of these modifications during spliceosome assembly.