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Th17 Cells with Regulatory Phenotype are the Main IL-17F and IL-26 Producers in Palmoplantar Pustulosis

GSE304122 Homo sapiens (human) Single-cell RNA-seq 10 samples Submitted 2025/08/06 Platform GPL24676
At a glance

Single-cell RNA-seq · human · 10 samples

What it is
Single-cell RNA-seqGene activity measured in thousands of individual cells, so cell types can be told apart. Read from the summary: GEO's own type field only says 'expression profiling by sequencing', so confirm it in the paper.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Samples
10 samples: 8 distinct titles, 2 of them repeatedGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
Th17 cells with regulatory phenotype are the main IL-17F and IL-26 producers in palmoplantar pustulosisJCI insight · 2025
Summary (written by the submitters)
Palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder marked by erythematous pustules and desquamation on the palms and soles. While IL-17 pathways are implicated in PPP, IL-17 blockers have shown modest efficacy, underscoring the need for a deeper understanding of IL-17 involvement. To dissect the cellular and spatial architecture of PPP, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on lesional, nonlesional, and healthy acral skin to examine cellular composition, transcriptomic profiles, and cell-cell interactions.
Read the full summary ↓
Unbiased clustering revealed nine major cell types, including an inflammatory keratinocyte subset enriched in IL-17A/TNF signatures and marked by high IL-36G expression. Within the lymphocyte compartment, we identified a hybrid “regTh17” population co-expressing regulatory markers (FOXP3, CTLA4, TIGIT), IL17F, and IL26. This regTh17 subset was distinguished by elevated IL1R1 and CD39, suggesting a IL-1β–driven differentiation. Spatial analyses demonstrated significant neighborhood enrichment of regTh17 cells with IL-36G⁺ supraspinous keratinocytes. RegTh17 cells were the predominant source of IL-17F and IL-26 signals, whereas keratinocytes were predicted as their main receivers. We further observed regTh17 co-expressing TNFRSF4 (OX40) and TNFRSF18 (GITR) specifically at sites of IL36G+ keratinocyte interactions, implicating these pathways in amplification of the IL-17/IL-36 inflammatory loop. Together, our integrated single-cell and spatial profiling uncovers Th17 plasticity in PPP, identifies a regTh17-keratinocyte interaction and highlights IL-17F, IL-26, OX40/OX40L, and GITR/GITRL as candidate targets for precision therapies in this challenging disease.
Published in
Th17 cells with regulatory phenotype are the main IL-17F and IL-26 producers in palmoplantar pustulosis
Do TH, Bogle R, Zhang H et al. · JCI insight 2025 · PMID 40985896 · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.193038
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE304122_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: Single-cell studies usually ship their counts as 10x files (matrix.mtx, barcodes.tsv, features.tsv), an .h5 file, or an .rds / .h5ad object that Seurat or Scanpy can open. Look for those among the supplementary files.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1299251 and SRA study SRP605302. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Study design
8 distinct titles, 2 of them repeated
7232-JF ×2 7351-JF ×2

How we read this: Read from 10 sample titles: 8 distinct titles with little repetition. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
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