Transcriptome of temporal muscle in moyamoya disease

Objective Indirect revascularization is an effective treatment for moyamoya disease (MMD), but the surgery effect depends on the collateral vessel formation. This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms driving angiogenesis in the temporal muscle post-surgery. Methods This study utilized a single-center, prospectively sampled, retrospective cohort design. Temporal muscle tissue was collected, and a comprehensive transcriptome-wide analysis was subsequently conducted. Participants were categorized into Good (Grade A, n=13) and Poor (Grade C, n=12) groups based on Matsushima grading. Results A total of 25 patients were included in the study. Analysis of gene expression between the Good Group and the Poor Group revealed extracellular matrix (ECM) and collagen family promote angiogenesis in temporal muscle. Four children in the Good Group exhibited a high clustering, comparing them to the Poor Group revealed mitochondrial electron transport's crucial role in angiogenesis among children with MMD. Additionally, our analysis demonstrated that fat cell proliferation played a significant role in the adult subgroup. Conclusions This transcriptomic study emphasized the centrality of collagen as the underlying molecular mechanisms that facilitate angiogenesis. In addition, it revealed the significant contributions of the NADH dehydrogenase (complex I) family and fat cell proliferation in this process.