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Exercise suppresses breast cancer and reprograms the immune tumor microenvironment, cancer cell intrinsic features, and their interaction

GSE304653 Mus musculus (mouse) RNA-seq (gene expression) 23 samples Submitted 2026/05/01 Platform GPL17021
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · mouse · 23 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Mus musculus (mouse)
Samples
23 samples: 8 × Met1-iRFP cancer cells (iRFP+), Sendentary, vs 7 × Met1-iRFP cancer cells (iRFP+), Exercise, vs 4 × Met1-iRFP TME cells (iRFP-), Sendentary, vs 4 × Met1-iRFP TME cells (iRFP-), Exercise,Groups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
Exercise suppresses breast cancer and reprograms the immune tumor microenvironment, cancer cell intrinsic features, and their interactionJournal of sport and health science · 2026
Summary (written by the submitters)
Exercise links with improved cancer outcomes following a diagnosis of primary breast cancer but experimental evidence from preclinical studies and molecular mechanistic insights are limited. Here, we show that exercise inhibits breast cancer growth and metastases across multiple syngeneic mouse models compared to sham control. Utilizing the Met1-iRFP model to interrogate tumor microenvironmental (TME) and tumor-specific effects, exercise decreased intratumoral immune cell content, particularly tumor-associated macrophages, and prompted an activated anticancer innate immune response.
Read the full summary ↓
Cancer cell-intrinsic effects were characterized by broad transcriptomic reprogramming including downregulation of metabolic pathways and upregulation of pathways regulating proliferation and apoptosis. Metabolomic analyses unveiled broad shifts in tumor metabolism including decreased NAD+ and lactate, as well as availability of biosynthetic precursors. Finally, in silico analyses identified TME ligands such as Hmgb2 as drivers of downstream gene expression changes in cancer cells. Collectively, our findings show that exercise suppresses breast cancer progression and does so via broad reprogramming of TME-cancer components and their interaction.
Published in
Exercise suppresses breast cancer and reprograms the immune tumor microenvironment, cancer cell intrinsic features, and their interaction
Koelwyn GJ, Shahoei SH, Graham C et al. · Journal of sport and health science 2026 · PMID 42155766 · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2026.101146
This dataset
Open GSE304653 in finder → Find more mouse RNA-seq datasets →
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

Series matrix ↓
2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE304653_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

All supplementary files ↗ Whole study · RAW.tar ↓
3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

Raw reads on ENA ↗

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1302209 and SRA study SRP606921. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

NCBI GEO page ↗ Paper (PMID 42155766) ↗
Study design
8 × Met1-iRFP cancer cells (iRFP+), Sendentary, vs 7 × Met1-iRFP cancer cells (iRFP+), Exercise, vs 4 × Met1-iRFP TME cells (iRFP-), Sendentary, vs 4 × Met1-iRFP TME cells (iRFP-), Exercise,

Supports a between-group comparison across 23 samples.

How we read this: 4 replicated groups read from 23 sample titles; they account for 23 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
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