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Deciphering hypoxia related glioblastoma-associated macrophages and predicting prognostic markers by single-cell, spatially-resolved transcriptomics and experimental analysis

GSE305549 Homo sapiens (human) Single-cell RNA-seq 17 samples Submitted 2026/04/10 Platform GPL24676
At a glance

Single-cell RNA-seq · human · 17 samples

What it is
Single-cell RNA-seqGene activity measured in thousands of individual cells, so cell types can be told apart.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Topic
GlioblastomaThis series is part of our curated briefing on it.
Samples
17 samples: 12 × ID_S vs 3 × ID vs 2 × SGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Summary (written by the submitters)
Glioblastomas (GBM), the most common and lethal type of primary brain tumor in adult, currently lack effective treatment and prognostic indicators. Hypoxia, a pathology promoting tumor progression in most solid tumors, has been reported to exhibit a negative correlation with GBM prognosis. Hypoxia related tumor-associated macrophages (hTAMs), the major cellular component of hypoxic regions, have not being systematically studied.
Read the full summary ↓
We characterized the transcriptomic identity of hTAMs at the single-cell level, simultaneously discovering signatures indicative of poor outcomes. Immunofluorescent staining and spatially resolved transcriptomics revealed pronounced disparities regarding the morphology and distribution of TAMs between hypoxic and non-hypoxic regions of GBMs. We identified ARL4C and HSPA5 as prognostic indicators, exhibiting spatial patterns congruent with hypoxic regions and predicting worse outcomes, verified by qPCR and cell culture. Intercellular communication analysis using single-cell-omics revealed that hypoxia related GBM tumor cells (hGBM cells) exploit the TIMP1/LRP1 ligand-receptor axis to modulate hTAMs, resulting in a worse prognosis. Our study has offered clinically prognostic indicators, along with potentially therapeutic targets for GBMs.
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE305549_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: Single-cell studies usually ship their counts as 10x files (matrix.mtx, barcodes.tsv, features.tsv), an .h5 file, or an .rds / .h5ad object that Seurat or Scanpy can open. Look for those among the supplementary files.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1306491 and SRA study SRP609128. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Study design
12 × ID_S vs 3 × ID vs 2 × S

Supports a between-group comparison across 17 samples.

How we read this: 3 replicated groups read from 17 sample titles; they account for 17 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
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Metadata from NCBI GEO, cached and refreshed periodically — the NCBI page above is authoritative. Downloads link straight to NCBI/ENA; nothing is proxied through BioTransfer.