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A very low carbohydrate, ketogenic diet suppresses tumor insulin signaling and enhances immune infiltration in women with endometrial cancer: results from a randomized feasibility study.

GSE306395 Homo sapiens (human) RNA-seq (gene expression) 16 samples Submitted 2025/08/30 Platform GPL20301
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · human · 16 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Topic
Endometrial cancerThis series is part of our curated briefing on it.
Samples
16 samples: 5 × Ketogenic Diet,Biopsy,KETO vs 5 × Ketogenic Diet,Resection,KETO vs 3 × Standard Diet,Biopsy,KETO vs 3 × Standard Diet,Resection,KETOGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Summary (written by the submitters)
Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility of a very low carbohydrate, ketogenic, diet in women with endometrial cancer and obesity, and to assess the effects of this dietary pattern on metabolism and tumor biology. Design: A multicentre, parallel, prospective, randomized, controlled feasibility study in treatment naïve women with endometrial cancer.
Read the full summary ↓
Participants were randomized in a 2:1 fashion to a very-low carbohydrate (VLCD) diet, or to continue with their standard diet (SD) by the method of random permuted block. Setting: Eight locations from two teaching hospitals in the New York and New Jersey areas. Participants: 19 treatment naïve women with endometrial cancer (stages IA-IIIC2) and obesity. 15 completed the study. Intervention: After initial biopsy and pathology confirmation, participants received 21-28 days of VLCD and weekly nutritional counseling, followed by surgical staging. Main outcome measures: Dietary adherence, rates of attrition, and adverse effects. Changes in circulating concentration of metabolic biomarkers. Changes in immunohistochemical staining and RNA-Sequencing for insulin signaling pathway, cell apoptosis, proliferation, and immunity. Results: Of the 19 participants randomized, 15 finished the trial with an overall attrition rate of 21%. Participants in the VLCD arm reported consuming 91 ± 4% of the meals, leading to a rise in ketone bodies for all participants by day 3 or 4 and an overall weight loss of 5.5 ± 0.8%. The VLCD was well-tolerated with no grade 3/4 adverse events. Fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels were reduced by 22 ± 5.9% and 60 ± 3.8%, respectively. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were increased by 6 ± 2.7% and 17.8 ± 8.9%, respectively. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis using RNA-Seq revealed enrichment in pathways related to fatty acid oxidation, oxidative phosphorylation, estrogen response, interferon-alpha response and CD8+ T cells (p < 0.05 and NES > 1.60). CD8+ T cells were found to infiltrate the tumor margins under VLCD compared to SD (p = 0.019). Conclusions: A VLCD is feasible and well-tolerated in obese and overweight women with endometrial cancer and leads to significant host and tumor metabolic changes that suggest potential therapeutic benefits that warrant further investigation in larger clinical trials.
This dataset
Open GSE306395 in finder → Find more human RNA-seq datasets → Endometrial cancer landscape →
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

Series matrix ↓
2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE306395_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

All supplementary files ↗ Whole study · RAW.tar ↓
3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

Raw reads on ENA ↗

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1310564 and SRA study SRP612466. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

NCBI GEO page ↗
Study design
5 × Ketogenic Diet,Biopsy,KETO vs 5 × Ketogenic Diet,Resection,KETO vs 3 × Standard Diet,Biopsy,KETO vs 3 × Standard Diet,Resection,KETO

Supports a between-group comparison across 16 samples.

How we read this: 4 replicated groups read from 16 sample titles; they account for 16 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
More Endometrial cancer datasets

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