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Transcriptional reprogramming in immune cells of HTLV-1 asymptomatic carriers and HAM/TSP patients following antiretroviral therapy

GSE308157 Homo sapiens (human) Single-cell RNA-seq 8 samples Submitted 2026/08/05 Platform GPL24676
At a glance

Single-cell RNA-seq · human · 8 samples

What it is
Single-cell RNA-seqGene activity measured in thousands of individual cells, so cell types can be told apart. Read from the summary: GEO's own type field only says 'expression profiling by sequencing', so confirm it in the paper.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Samples
8 samples
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
HTLV-1-Derived Exosomes Drive Transcriptional Reprogramming of Monocytes Toward a Mixed M1/M2 Phenotype in HAM/TSPPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
Summary (written by the submitters)
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) causes HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), a chronic, immune-mediated spinal cord disease in which peripheral immune activation is thought to fuel central neuroinflammation. To delineate cell type-specific programs linked to disease, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of the HTLV-1 infected asymptomatic carrier (AC) and HAM/TSP patient.
Read the full summary ↓
Differential expression and pathway analyses localized that the most pronounced transcriptional divergence to the monocyte compartment, revealing coordinated remodeling of macrophage classical (M1-like) activation, IL-10-regulatory signaling, leukocyte adhesion/diapedesis, and trans-endothelial migration pathway, and cytokine storm-related modules. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis highlighted overlap with multiple sclerosis-associated signaling, consistent with myeloid-driven neuroinflammation and potential blood-spinal cord barrier involvement. In an independent validation phase, we assayed the selected subsets of up- and down-regulated monocyte genes in AC and HAM/TSP participants enrolled in a randomized, open-label pilot trial in Brazil. Expression of several inflammatory markers was higher at baseline in HAM/TSP and decreased during dolutegravir (DTG) therapy, paralleling reductions in HTLV-1 proviral load (PVL) in the DTG arm. Collectively, these data suggest that antiviral strategies may modulate immune cell transcriptional programs that help reduce HTLV-1 PVL.
Published in
HTLV-1-Derived Exosomes Drive Transcriptional Reprogramming of Monocytes Toward a Mixed M1/M2 Phenotype in HAM/TSP
MacNary CA, Rajendra Gaekwar SC, Lemenze A et al. · Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) 2026 · PMID 42515031 · doi:10.3390/pathogens15070704
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE308157_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: Single-cell studies usually ship their counts as 10x files (matrix.mtx, barcodes.tsv, features.tsv), an .h5 file, or an .rds / .h5ad object that Seurat or Scanpy can open. Look for those among the supplementary files.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1329045 and SRA study SRP620664. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Samples in this study

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