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Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 replication using human nasal organoids comprising olfactory and respiratory epithelium

GSE309325 Homo sapiens Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing 7 samples Submitted 2025/10/06 Platform GPL24676
Summary
SARS-CoV-2 infects the nasal epithelium (NE) and can cause olfactory dysfunction. Because the virus cannot infect olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) which detect odorants, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, using human embryonic stem cells, we were the first to develop human NE organoids comprising both olfactory neuroepithelia (OE) and nasal respiratory epithelia (NRE). SARS-CoV-2 initially replicated in the NRE and then spread to the OE where angiotensin converting enzyme 2 was expressed after virus replication in NRE. Importantly, a significant proportion of neural precursor cells (NPCs) and basal stem cells in the OE, both of which constantly differentiate into OSNs, were infected. Viral infection upregulated cell death-associated genes in the NPCs and basal stem cells, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infection disrupts the repair and renewal of OSNs. Taken together, our human nasal organoid model would be useful for the investigation of a potential mechanism underlying olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients.
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Direct links to NCBI, no account and no request form: the whole study as GSE309325_RAW.tar, processed values as the series matrix, the supplementary file directory, and per-sample supplementary files for any of the 7 samples. Raw sequencing reads are also available from ENA.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1335175. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

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