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Elevated Serum IL-10 in the Setting of Relapsed B-ALL in Patients Previously Treated with CART

GSE309375 Homo sapiens (human) Single-cell RNA-seq 65 samples Submitted 2026/07/01 Platform GPL24676
At a glance

Single-cell RNA-seq · human · 65 samples

What it is
Single-cell RNA-seqGene activity measured in thousands of individual cells, so cell types can be told apart. Read from the summary: GEO's own type field only says 'expression profiling by sequencing', so confirm it in the paper.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Topic
Acute lymphoblastic leukemiaThis series is part of our curated briefing on it.
Samples
65 samples: 18 conditions, mostly in triplicateGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
Differential cytokine architecture in patients treated with CART19 versus CART22Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026
Summary (written by the submitters)
Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a life-threatening toxicity of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CART) for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Lower rates of severe CRS are reported in patients treated with CD22-directed CART (CART22) compared to those treated with CD19-directed CART (CART19). Here, we identify interleukin-10 (IL-10) as a critical endogenous modulator of CRS and demonstrate that previous treatment with CART is associated with increased serum IL-10 in the setting of subsequent relapse.
Read the full summary ↓
Mechanistically, IL-10 induced higher interferon gamma (IFNγ) expression and SOCS3 upregulation in both CART19 and CART22 cells. IL-10 differentially impacted the CART immune synapse, prolonging the CART19 but shortening the CART22 immune synapse. Using single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) we demonstrate upregulation of SOCS3 in CART22 patient CD4 T-cells, potentially suppressing gp130-mediated IL-6 signaling. These findings reveal IL-10 as a potent CRS‐mitigating factor and support IL-10 enhancement strategies to improve the safety of CART.
Published in
Differential cytokine architecture in patients treated with CART19 versus CART22
Diorio C, Shraim R, Thadi A et al. · Journal for immunotherapy of cancer 2026 · PMID 42320984 · doi:10.1136/jitc-2026-015126
This dataset
Open GSE309375 in finder → Find more human RNA-seq datasets → Acute lymphoblastic leukemia landscape →
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

Series matrix ↓
2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE309375_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

All supplementary files ↗ Whole study · RAW.tar ↓
3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

Raw reads on ENA ↗

What the files usually look like: Single-cell studies usually ship their counts as 10x files (matrix.mtx, barcodes.tsv, features.tsv), an .h5 file, or an .rds / .h5ad object that Seurat or Scanpy can open. Look for those among the supplementary files.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1335263 and SRA study SRP628491. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

NCBI GEO page ↗ Paper (PMID 42320984) ↗
Study design
18 conditions, mostly in triplicate
BM ×6 APH ×3 UOCB_CART19_IL10 ×3 UOCB_CART22_IL10 ×3 UOCB_CART19 ×3 UOCB_CART22 ×3 NALM6_CART19_IL10 ×3 NALM6_CART22_IL10 ×3 +18 more

Supports a between-group comparison across 57 samples.

How we read this: 18 replicated groups read from 65 sample titles; they account for 57 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study

+ 25 more — browse all 65 samples with per-sample file links →

More Acute lymphoblastic leukemia datasets

Search all human RNA-seq datasets in GEO →

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Metadata from NCBI GEO, cached and refreshed periodically — the NCBI page above is authoritative. Downloads link straight to NCBI/ENA; nothing is proxied through BioTransfer.