← BioTransfer GEO Dataset Finder
GEO series

Immunometabolic Endotypes Define Distinct Clinical Trajectories in Type 2 Diabetes [bulk RNA-seq]

GSE309941 Homo sapiens (human) Single-cell RNA-seq 42 samples Submitted 2026/07/31 Platform GPL34284
At a glance

Single-cell RNA-seq · human · 42 samples

What it is
Single-cell RNA-seqGene activity measured in thousands of individual cells, so cell types can be told apart. Read from the summary: GEO's own type field only says 'expression profiling by sequencing', so confirm it in the paper.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Samples
42 samples: 40 × CRC vs 2 × CARDGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Summary (written by the submitters)
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) exhibits substantial heterogeneity, yet current classifications do not fully capture its immune complexity. Here, we provide transcriptomic datasets from circulating CD14⁺ monocytes (bulk RNA-seq) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs, single-cell RNA-seq) derived from newly diagnosed T2D patients.
Read the full summary ↓
Using neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts, patients were stratified into four immune endotypes via unsupervised clustering: Severe Inflammatory Diabetes (SIND), Mild Inflammatory Diabetes (MIND), Lymphocyte Rich Diabetes (LYRD), and Lymphocyte Deficient Diabetes (LYDD). Bulk and single-cell transcriptomic analyses reveal endotype-specific immune signatures, including selective expansion of CCR2hi and CD39hi classical monocytes in SIND, enrichment of monocyte states associated with chemotaxis and myeloid activation, and altered adaptive immune programs. These profiles were modulated by IL-1β antagonism and bariatric surgery–induced remission. This dataset provides a resource for exploring the immune heterogeneity of T2D.
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE309941_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: Single-cell studies usually ship their counts as 10x files (matrix.mtx, barcodes.tsv, features.tsv), an .h5 file, or an .rds / .h5ad object that Seurat or Scanpy can open. Look for those among the supplementary files.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1364023. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Study design
40 × CRC vs 2 × CARD

Supports a between-group comparison across 42 samples.

How we read this: 2 replicated groups read from 42 sample titles; they account for 42 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study

+ 2 more — browse all 42 samples with per-sample file links →

Datasets on a similar topic

Search all human RNA-seq datasets in GEO →

Share this dataset

Metadata from NCBI GEO, cached and refreshed periodically — the NCBI page above is authoritative. Downloads link straight to NCBI/ENA; nothing is proxied through BioTransfer.