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Mechanistic Link Between Glyoxalase 1 Expression and Methylglyoxal-Induced Oncogenic Stress in Prostate Cancer

GSE310499 Homo sapiens (human) RNA-seq (gene expression) 18 samples Submitted 2026/01/31 Platform GPL34281
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · human · 18 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Topic
Prostate cancerThis series is part of our curated briefing on it.
Samples
18 samples: 6 conditions, mostly in triplicateGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
Mechanistic Link Between Glyoxalase 1 Expression and Methylglyoxal-Induced Oncogenic Stress in Prostate CancerbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
Summary (written by the submitters)
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men, with African American/Black (AA/B) men experiencing significantly higher incidence and mortality than European American (EA) men. Obesity, which disproportionately affects AA/B men, is linked to increased PCa mortality, potentially through metabolic dysregulation.
Read the full summary ↓
We hypothesize that methylglyoxal (MG), a reactive byproduct of glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism elevated in obesity, contributes to PCa progression. MG forms adducts on DNA, RNA, and proteins. Here, we found that MG-adducts are elevated in AA/B men with PCa compared to EA men and controls. AA/B men with PCa had a higher frequency of SNP rs1049346 in glyoxalase 1 (GLO1), the primary MG detoxification enzyme. PCa cell lines from EA (C4-2) and AA/B (MDA-PCa-2b) men showed differential SNP rs1049346 expression, with the former heterozygous and the latter homozygous for the SNP. This was associated with altered GLO1 expression and activity, with MDA-PCa-2b cells exhibiting reduced GLO1 function and increased MG-adducts compared to C4-2 cells. MG treatment altered DNA repair and RNA processing gene expression and induced distinct metabolic shifts in MDA-PCa-2b compared to C4-2 cells, including enhanced glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Transcriptomic analysis revealed shared stress responses following MG treatment, but MDA-PCa-2b cells uniquely activated metallothionein and NOD1/2 immune signaling pathways in addition to TXNIP, a redox regulator linked to tumorigenicity in GLO1-deficient cancers. These findings suggest that MG stress may contribute to PCa progression in AA/B men through metabolic reprogramming and impaired detoxification, offering insight into racial disparities and potential therapeutic targets.
Published in
Mechanistic Link Between Glyoxalase 1 Expression and Methylglyoxal-Induced Oncogenic Stress in Prostate Cancer
Battad A, Nunez F, Walker MS et al. · bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology 2025 · PMID 41415452 · doi:10.64898/2025.12.05.691672
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE310499_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1366442 and SRA study SRP647831. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Study design
6 conditions, mostly in triplicate
C4-2 cells, 7 mM glucose, ×3 MDA-Pca-2b cells, 7 mM glucose, ×3 C4-2 cells, 25 mM glucose, ×3 MDA-Pca-2b cells, 25 mM glucose, ×3 C4-2 cells, 500 µM methylglyoxal, ×3 MDA-Pca-2b cells, 500 µM methylglyoxal, ×3

Supports a between-group comparison across 18 samples.

How we read this: 6 replicated groups read from 18 sample titles; they account for 18 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
More Prostate cancer datasets

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