GEO series

Fibroblasts resist Staphylococcus aureus on the skin surface by responding to interleukin-1 and recruiting neutrophils

GSE311920 Homo sapiens (human) RNA-seq (gene expression) 16 samples Submitted 2026/06/29 Platform GPL24676Platform GPL24247

At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · human · 16 samples

What it is: RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Samples: 16 samples: 16 samples, each with a distinct title — no replicated groupsGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get: A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.

Summary (written by the submitters)

Staphylococcus aureus (SA) can cause serious infections, yet it often resides on the skin without causing disease. This apparent paradox suggests a strong host defense system which prevents SA from invading the dermis. In this study, we investigate how the skin detects and responds to superficial SA exposure. Using unbiased transcriptomic, biochemical, and phosphoproteomic analyses, followed by validation of the identified activation pathways in human and mouse models, we discovered that fibroblast recognition of interleukin-1 is essential for skin inflammation in response to topical SA.

Read the full summary ↓

Deletion or blockade of the interleukin-1 receptor in fibroblasts in vitro abolished the change in gene expression and reduced chemokine production. Furthermore, PdgfraΔIl1r1mice that lack interleukin-1 receptor 1 only on fibroblasts decreased neutrophil infiltration and allowed increased bacterial growth on the surface of mouse skin after topical SA application. These findings show fibroblasts actively participate in innate immunity and highlight an interleukin-1-dependent communication pathway from keratinocytes to fibroblasts to neutrophils. Understanding this pathway provides new insights into mechanisms that initiate neutrophil recruitment to the skin and may help develop new approaches to therapy.

This dataset

Open GSE311920 in finder → Find more RNA-seq datasets →

Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

Series matrix ↓

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE311920_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

All supplementary files ↗ Whole study · RAW.tar ↓

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

Raw reads on ENA ↗

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1371917 and SRA study SRP650213. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

NCBI GEO page ↗

Study design

16 samples, each with a distinct title — no replicated groups

Any grouping that defines a comparison lives in the sample characteristics, which GEO records separately from the titles.

How we read this: Read from 16 sample titles: 16 distinct titles with little repetition. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study

GSM9334505 PBS, PBS, a
GSM9334506 PBS, PBS, b
GSM9334507 PBS, PBS, c
GSM9334508 PBS, KC-CM, a
GSM9334509 PBS, KC-CM, b
GSM9334510 PBS, KC-CM, c
GSM9334511 Anakinra, KC-CM, a
GSM9334512 Anakinra, KC-CM, b
GSM9334513 Anakinra, KC-CM, c
GSM9334514 Anakinra, PBS, a
GSM9334515 Anakinra, PBS, b
GSM9334516 Anakinra, PBS, c
GSM9334517 Il1r1-fl Control, Vehicle
GSM9334518 Pdgfra-Il1r1, Vehicle
GSM9334519 Il1r1-fl/fl Control, S aureus
GSM9334520 Pdgfra-Il1r1, S aureus

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Metadata from NCBI GEO, cached and refreshed periodically — the NCBI page above is authoritative. Downloads link straight to NCBI/ENA; nothing is proxied through BioTransfer.