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Primary Cilia Mediate Stress Vulnerability and Exercise Antidepressant Adaptation: Evidence for Ventral Hippocampal Astrocytic Ciliary Remodeling by Exercise

GSE315845 Mus musculus (mouse) RNA-seq (gene expression) 9 samples Submitted 2026/04/15 Platform GPL24247

At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · mouse · 9 samples

What it is: RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism: Mus musculus (mouse)
Samples: 9 samples: 3 × Sedentary mouse sample vs 3 × Stress-susceptible mouse subjected to low-intensity exercise vs 3 × Stress-susceptible mouseGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get: A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper: Primary cilia mediate stress vulnerability and exercise-induced antidepressant adaptation: evidence for ventral hippocampal astrocytic ciliary remodelingJournal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2026

Summary (written by the submitters)

Chronic stress engenders marked inter-individual heterogeneity in vulnerability to depression and anxiety, indicating that distinct neurobiological processes shape susceptibility and resilience. To identify the mechanisms underlying this divergence, mice subjected to chronic restraint stress (CRST) were stratified into stress-susceptible or resilient phenotypes using multidimensional behavioral clustering.

Read the full summary ↓

To examine how exercise modifies these stress-defined endophenotypes, we used a graded treadmill paradigm in which low-, moderate-, and high-intensity exercises were parametrically defined relative to the ventilatory threshold (VT). Only low-intensity exercise performed below VT produced robust antidepressant and anxiolytic effects in susceptible mice. Whole-brain c-Fos mapping revealed the selective recruitment of the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) during low-intensity exercise. Chemogenetic silencing of vHPC neurons abolished these behavioral benefits, indicating that vHPC engagement is essential for exercise-induced resilience. Transcriptomic profiling of vHPC showed that this adaptive state was associated with the coordinated modulation of primary cilium-associated gene networks. Morphometric analyses confirmed that chronic stress-induced pronounced elongation of primary cilia, particularly in astrocytes, whereas low-intensity exercise restored both ciliary length and the proportion of ciliated astrocytes. These structural recalibrations coincided with reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1α and fractalkine, suggesting that astrocytic cilia act as a key interface linking stress signaling to neuroimmune regulation. Collectively, these findings outline a mechanistic cascade in which exercise below the VT engages vHPC circuits, reorganizes cilia-related transcriptional programs, and restores astrocyte and inflammatory homeostasis, converting stress-susceptible states into resilient phenotypes.

Published in

Primary cilia mediate stress vulnerability and exercise-induced antidepressant adaptation: evidence for ventral hippocampal astrocytic ciliary remodeling

Hwang DJ, Cho JY · Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 2026 · PMID 41956699 · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00091.2026

This dataset

Open GSE315845 in finder → Find more mouse RNA-seq datasets →

Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

Series matrix ↓

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE315845_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

All supplementary files ↗ Whole study · RAW.tar ↓

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

Raw reads on ENA ↗

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1399411 and SRA study SRP660388. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

NCBI GEO page ↗ Paper (PMID 41956699) ↗

Study design

3 × Sedentary mouse sample vs 3 × Stress-susceptible mouse subjected to low-intensity exercise vs 3 × Stress-susceptible mouse

Supports a between-group comparison across 9 samples.

How we read this: 3 replicated groups read from 9 sample titles; they account for 9 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study

GSM9438437 Sedentary mouse sample1 Sedentary mouse sample
GSM9438438 Sedentary mouse sample2 Sedentary mouse sample
GSM9438439 Sedentary mouse sample3 Sedentary mouse sample
GSM9438440 Stress-susceptible mouse subjected to low-intensity exercise 1 Stress-susceptible mous…
GSM9438441 Stress-susceptible mouse subjected to low-intensity exercise 2 Stress-susceptible mous…
GSM9438442 Stress-susceptible mouse subjected to low-intensity exercise 3 Stress-susceptible mous…
GSM9438443 Stress-susceptible mouse1 Stress-susceptible mouse
GSM9438444 Stress-susceptible mouse2 Stress-susceptible mouse
GSM9438445 Stress-susceptible mouse3 Stress-susceptible mouse

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Metadata from NCBI GEO, cached and refreshed periodically — the NCBI page above is authoritative. Downloads link straight to NCBI/ENA; nothing is proxied through BioTransfer.