GEO series

Single-Nucleus Analysis of the Adult Human Olfactory Epithelium Uncovers Shared Neurogenesis Programs with the Brain

GSE317163 Homo sapiens (human) Single-nucleus RNA-seq 12 samples Submitted 2026/06/25 Platform GPL24676

At a glance

Single-nucleus RNA-seq · human · 12 samples

What it is: Single-nucleus RNA-seqGene activity measured in individual nuclei (used when whole cells are hard to isolate, for example from frozen tissue).
Organism: Homo sapiens (human)
Samples: 12 samples: 6 conditions, mostly in duplicateGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get: A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.

Summary (written by the submitters)

Neurogenesis, a critical process implicated in diverse brain disorders, is greatly diminished in the adult human brain, complicating direct investigations into its mechanistic role in disease. In the olfactory epithelium (OE), olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) maintain homeostasis via continual neurogenesis throughout life, providing a niche to investigate neurogenesis in vivo.

Read the full summary ↓

However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process and its similarities to brain neurogenesis remain largely unknown. Here, we performed single-nucleus RNA-seq (snRNA-seq from the human OE of 6 living adult donors, yielding 145,720 high-quality transcriptomics. Integrating with an independent OE dataset from 4 adults, different developmental stages of OSNs were identified, including neural precursor cells (globose basal cells, GBCs), as well as immature and mature OSNs. We inferred trajectories and assessed the transcriptional and regulatory dynamics of OSN development. Genes and transcription factors involved in regulating neuronal differentiation and neurogenesis were highly expressed in GBCs and early immature OSNs, but were downregulated in mature neurons. OSNs and cortical excitatory neurons exhibited convergence during early developmental stages, including dynamically expressed genes, biological processes, transcription factors, as well as polygenic enrichment for psychiatric disorders. In addition, highly matched expression dynamics of autism risk genes between OSNs and cortical excitatory neurons further validated their convergence. Overall, OSNs cells in the olfactory neuroepithelium represent a potential proxy to study gene programs involved in neurogenesis in the human brain, providing an accessible model for investigating neurodevelopmental dysfunction in psychiatric disorders.

This dataset

Open GSE317163 in finder → Find more human RNA-seq datasets →

Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

Series matrix ↓

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE317163_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

All supplementary files ↗ Whole study · RAW.tar ↓

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

Raw reads on ENA ↗

What the files usually look like: Single-cell studies usually ship their counts as 10x files (matrix.mtx, barcodes.tsv, features.tsv), an .h5 file, or an .rds / .h5ad object that Seurat or Scanpy can open. Look for those among the supplementary files.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1394219. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

NCBI GEO page ↗

Study design

6 conditions, mostly in duplicate

ENT_Set1_C ×2 ENT_Set2_C ×2 ENT_Set3_C ×2 ENT_Set4_C ×2 ENT_Set5_C ×2 ENT_Set6_E ×2

Supports a between-group comparison across 12 samples.

How we read this: 6 replicated groups read from 12 sample titles; they account for 12 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study

GSM9466348 ENT_Set1_C1 ENT_Set1_C
GSM9466349 ENT_Set1_C2 ENT_Set1_C
GSM9466350 ENT_Set2_C1 ENT_Set2_C
GSM9466351 ENT_Set2_C2 ENT_Set2_C
GSM9466352 ENT_Set3_C1 ENT_Set3_C
GSM9466353 ENT_Set3_C2 ENT_Set3_C
GSM9466354 ENT_Set4_C1 ENT_Set4_C
GSM9466355 ENT_Set4_C2 ENT_Set4_C
GSM9466356 ENT_Set5_C1 ENT_Set5_C
GSM9466357 ENT_Set5_C2 ENT_Set5_C
GSM9466358 ENT_Set6_E1 ENT_Set6_E
GSM9466359 ENT_Set6_E2 ENT_Set6_E

Datasets on a similar topic

GSE268609 A roadmap to human hippocampal neurogenesis in adulthood, aging and AD 78 samples shares neurogenesis, adult
GSE272082 Single-nucleus multiomics reveals the regulatory programs in three brain regions of sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's Disease 42 samples shares single-nucleus, programs
GSE259298 Single-nucleus multi-omics identifies shared and distinct pathways in Pick’s and Alzheimer’s disease 28 samples shares single-nucleus, shared
GSE307094 Single-cell transcriptional patterns impairment in an adult neurogenesis model of Alzheimer´s disease 18 samples shares neurogenesis, adult
GSE311423 Single-nucleus Multiome Profiling of Infant and Adult Human Spleen 10 samples shares single-nucleus, adult
GSE242184 In vitro pigmentation of human iPSC-derived retinal pigment epithelium cells is not indicative of their quality for cell transplantation 4022 samples shares epithelium
GSE143584 Gene expression from laser capture microdissected epithelium and stroma during pancreatic carcinogenesis 366 samples shares epithelium
GSE309705 Transcriptomic Profiling of Bronchial Epithelium Reveals Dysregulated Interferon and Inflammatory Responses to Rhinovirus in Exacerbation-Prone Pediatric Asthma 274 samples shares epithelium

Search all human RNA-seq datasets in GEO →

Share this dataset

Metadata from NCBI GEO, cached and refreshed periodically — the NCBI page above is authoritative. Downloads link straight to NCBI/ENA; nothing is proxied through BioTransfer.