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CMS subtypes correlate with complete response in trial of neoadjuvant Galunisertib plus chemoradiation in rectal cancer

GSE318268 Homo sapiens (human) RNA-seq (gene expression) 73 samples Submitted 2026/02/04 Platform GPL24676
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · human · 73 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Topic
Colorectal cancerThis series is part of our curated briefing on it.
Samples
73 samples: 36 conditions, mostly in duplicateGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
CMS subtypes correlate with complete response in trial of neoadjuvant Galunisertib plus chemoradiation in rectal cancerTranslational oncology · 2026
Summary (written by the submitters)
Improving response to neoadjuvant therapy for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer has the potential to improve organ preservation and disease-free survival. Knowing which patients may need therapeutic escalation or de-escalation from standard-of-care treatment remains an area of investigation. We previously reported the primary and secondary endpoints of our single-arm study combining transforming growth factor beta receptor inhibitor, Galunisertib, with neoadjuvant chemoradiation in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.
Read the full summary ↓
Here we analyze RNA sequencing data obtained from tissue biopsies at baseline and after 2 weeks of galunisertib. Differences in expression of pathways associated with MYC, inflammation, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition were observed between complete responders (CR) and <CR, with galunisertib upregulating MYC pathway expression in CR. Radiosensitivity and TGFβ response scores demonstrated limited ability to predict for response to galunisertib + chemoradiation. Typically treatment resistant consensus molecular subtype 4 (CMS4), characterized by TGFβ expression, was associated with response to galunisertib + chemoradiation. Differences in correlations between RNA based measures of cell composition and immunohistologic quantification of infiltrates and extracted MRI parameters were observed for CIBERSORT, MCPcounter, and Xcell methodologies. Based on these data, we hypothesize that the stromal radioresistant phenotype driven by TGFβ can be overcome by the addition of galunisertib to chemoradiation in rectal cancer.
Published in
CMS subtypes correlate with complete response in trial of neoadjuvant Galunisertib plus chemoradiation in rectal cancer
Rajamanickam V, Simons ND, Rosales W et al. · Translational oncology 2026 · PMID 41653703 · doi:10.1016/j.tranon.2026.102690
This dataset
Open GSE318268 in finder → Find more human RNA-seq datasets → Colorectal cancer landscape →
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

Series matrix ↓
2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE318268_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

All supplementary files ↗ Whole study · RAW.tar ↓
3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

Raw reads on ENA ↗

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1418511. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

NCBI GEO page ↗ Paper (PMID 41653703) ↗
Study design
36 conditions, mostly in duplicate
TGF02, Biopsy Day ×2 TGF03, Biopsy Day ×2 TGF04, Biopsy Day ×2 TGF05, Biopsy Day ×2 TGF06, Biopsy Day ×2 TGF07, Biopsy Day ×2 TGF08, Biopsy Day ×2 TGF09, Biopsy Day ×2 +29 more

Supports a between-group comparison across 72 samples.

How we read this: 36 replicated groups read from 73 sample titles; they account for 72 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study

+ 33 more — browse all 73 samples with per-sample file links →

More Colorectal cancer datasets

Search all human RNA-seq datasets in GEO →

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Metadata from NCBI GEO, cached and refreshed periodically — the NCBI page above is authoritative. Downloads link straight to NCBI/ENA; nothing is proxied through BioTransfer.