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Transcriptomic analyses of mortality in HIV-associated Pneumocystis pneumonia

GSE320199 Homo sapiens (human) RNA-seq (gene expression) 24 samples Submitted 2026/03/02 Platform GPL18573
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · human · 24 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Samples
24 samples: 24 × PCP PatientGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Summary (written by the submitters)
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) remains a leading cause of respiratory failure and mortality in individuals with advanced HIV. While severe disease is classically attributed to hyperinflammation, the specific biological determinants driving fatal outcomes in patients remain poorly understood. To address this, we employed an integrated systems biology approach, performing transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from a prospective cohort of 42 patients with HIV-associated PCP.
Read the full summary ↓
We demonstrate that mortality is not primarily driven by uncontrolled fungal burden or isolated hyperinflammation, but by profound immunometabolic failure. Non-survivors exhibited marked suppression of local humoral immunity, characterised by depletion of immunoglobulins and complement components, together with significant impairment of apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-mediated alveolar repair and dysregulation of arginine-nitric oxide metabolism. A predictive model combining ApoE and arginine achieved high prognostic accuracy. Crucially, using an ex vivo immunodeficient precision-cut lung slice model, we functionally reversed this opsonic deficit with intravenous immunoglobulin, which restored macrophage-mediated fungal clearance. These findings redefine fatal HIV-associated PCP as a syndrome of immunometabolic failure and provide a mechanistic rationale for evaluating immunoglobulin replacement as a host-directed adjunctive therapy.
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE320199_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1427134 and SRA study SRP678743. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Study design
24 × PCP Patient

Supports a between-group comparison across 24 samples.

How we read this: 1 replicated groups read from 24 sample titles; they account for 24 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
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