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Exercise Training Attenuates the Monocyte Transcriptome Response to Acute Exercise in Adolescents: Evidence for Sex-Specific Molecular Adaptations

GSE324210 Homo sapiens (human) RNA-seq (gene expression) 83 samples Submitted 2026/08/06 Platform GPL24676
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · human · 83 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Samples
83 samples: 21 conditions, mostly with about 4 replicates eachGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
Endurance training attenuates acute exercise-induced monocyte transcriptomic responses in adolescents: sex-specific molecular adaptationsJournal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2026
Summary (written by the submitters)
Background: Atherosclerosis is tied to functional characteristics of circulating monocytes, the disease in adults likely begins in childhood and adolescence, and clinical heart disease differs substantially between women and men. Since monocyte function is influenced by exercise, we measured monocyte gene and noncoding RNA [ncRNA] responses to acute exercise before and after an 8-week endurance training intervention in adolescents.
Read the full summary ↓
We identified pathways related to cardiovascular disease risk and explored sex differences in the exercise response. Methods: Twelve males and 9 females (14-17 years) completed an acute exercise protocol consisting of ten 2-min cycling bouts at 70% of maximal work rate, interspersed with 1-min rest performed before and after training intervention. Blood was collected before and immediately after each acute exercise. Peripheral blood monocytes were isolated and total RNAseq was performed. Results: Exercise training did not alter baseline (pre-acute exercise) monocyte transcriptomic profiles in either sex (FDR>0.1). Prior to training, acute exercise induced a markedly greater monocyte transcriptomic response in females compared with males (5,148 vs. 571 differentially expressed molecules, FDR < 0.1), with 315 transcripts demonstrating sex-specific responses. Pathway analyses identified vascular-function-related pathways only in males, whereas pathways related to adipose tissue crosstalk and oxidative metabolism were identified only in females. Following training, the acute transcriptomic response was markedly attenuated in both sexes (165 molecules in males and 94 in females, FDR < 0.1), representing an approximately 98% reduction in females and a ~70% reduction in males compared with pre-training responses. Twenty-six molecules exhibited sex-specific post-training response patterns, with minimal residual pathway activation. Conclusion: This study provides new insight into sex-specific monocyte transcriptomic responses to acute exercise in adolescents and demonstrates that training markedly attenuates monocyte molecular responsiveness to acute exercise. These immune adaptations may contribute to the cardioprotective effects of regular physical activity in both sexes.
Published in
Endurance training attenuates acute exercise-induced monocyte transcriptomic responses in adolescents: sex-specific molecular adaptations
Plaza-Florido A, Haddad F, Cooper DM et al. · Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 2026 · PMID 42545855 · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00282.2026
This dataset
Open GSE324210 in finder → Find more human RNA-seq datasets →
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

Series matrix ↓
2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE324210_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

All supplementary files ↗ Whole study · RAW.tar ↓
3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

Raw reads on ENA ↗

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1434169 and SRA study SRP682142. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

NCBI GEO page ↗ Paper (PMID 42545855) ↗
Study design
21 conditions, mostly with about 4 replicates each
AC03_T ×4 AC07_T ×4 AC08_T ×4 AC09_T ×4 AC11_T ×4 AC13_T ×4 AC15_T ×4 AC16_T ×4 +13 more

Supports a between-group comparison across 83 samples.

How we read this: 21 replicated groups read from 83 sample titles; they account for 83 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study

+ 43 more — browse all 83 samples with per-sample file links →

Datasets on a similar topic

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Metadata from NCBI GEO, cached and refreshed periodically — the NCBI page above is authoritative. Downloads link straight to NCBI/ENA; nothing is proxied through BioTransfer.