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Mitochondrial OXPHOS restricts SARS-CoV-2 replication

GSE325454 Homo sapiens (human) RNA-seq (gene expression) 148 samples Submitted 2026/04/30 Platform GPL34281
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · human · 148 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Samples
148 samples: 71 conditions, mostly in duplicateGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
Mitochondrial OXPHOS restricts SARS-CoV-2 replicationScience advances · 2026
Summary (written by the submitters)
SARS-CoV-2 rewires host metabolism to optimize virus production. While glycolysis is necessary for virus production, the importance of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is unknown. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) codes for 13 critical OXPHOS polypeptides plus the 22 tRNAs and 2 rRNAs for mitochondrial protein synthesis.
Read the full summary ↓
We discovered an approximately 5 to 100-fold greater SARS-CoV-2 virus production in infected human ACE2-expressing A549 lung cells when OXPHOS was inhibited by mtDNA depletion (ρ⁰ cells), inhibition of mitochondrial translation with chloramphenicol (CAP), or chemical inhibition of OXPHOS complexes. OXPHOS inhibition led to a marked increase in the size and distribution of viral replication centers and accelerated the production and release of infectious particles, occurring approximately two hours earlier than in parental A549-ACE2 (WT) cells. Subsequently, we found that increased glycolytic capacity was required for enhanced viral replication while differences in innate immune pathway activation were not. Reintroduction of mtDNA from a well-defined maternal lineage into the ρ⁰ cells reinstated OXPHOS, impaired SARS-CoV-2 replication, and reversed associated viral and glycolytic correlates. Thus, metabolic balance regulates SARS-CoV-2 replication, with OXPHOS exerting an antiviral effect.
Published in
Mitochondrial OXPHOS restricts SARS-CoV-2 replication
Soto Albrecht YE, Morrow RM, Kenney D et al. · Science advances 2026 · PMID 42234733 · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adz3081
This dataset
Open GSE325454 in finder → Find more human RNA-seq datasets →
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

Series matrix ↓
2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE325454_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

All supplementary files ↗ Whole study · RAW.tar ↓
3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

Raw reads on ENA ↗

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1439955 and SRA study SRP685247. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

NCBI GEO page ↗ Paper (PMID 42234733) ↗
Study design
71 conditions, mostly in duplicate
3243A-6-1-24hpi-Exp ×2 3243A-6-2-24hpi-Exp ×2 3243A-7-1-24hpi-Exp ×2 3243A-7-2-24hpi-Exp ×2 CAP1-24hpi-Exp ×2 CAP2-24hpi-Exp ×2 J-10-1-24hpi-Exp ×2 J-10-2-24hpi-Exp ×2 +69 more

Supports a between-group comparison across 142 samples.

How we read this: 71 replicated groups read from 148 sample titles; they account for 142 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study

+ 108 more — browse all 148 samples with per-sample file links →

Datasets on a similar topic

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