Transcriptomic comparison of RA vs healthy monocytes undergoing different ex vivo activation conditions

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) monocytes are primed for inflammatory activation, but their disease-intrinsic molecular features have not been systematically profiled across omics layers. We aimed to define RA-associated alterations in primary human monocytes using an integrated multi-omics approach under controlled differentiation and stimulation conditions. Transcriptomics data showed upregulation of inflammatory and interferon-related programs but downregulation of translation- and mitochondrial matrix-associated gene sets in RA monocytes. Constraint-based metabolic modeling using transcript abundances as proxies for enzyme activities showed widespread downregulation of glycosylation-related metabolic fluxes.