Study on the Mechanism of m5C Methyltransferase NSUN3 Remodeling the Glioma Immune Microenvironment by Driving Tunneling Nanotube-Mediated Mitochondrial Transfer via tRNA Modification [RNA-Seq]

Glioma is the most common and aggressive malignant tumor in the central nervous system, and its immunosuppressive microenvironment is closely associated with therapeutic resistance and poor prognosis. NSUN3, an m5C methyltransferase, catalyzes m5C modification on tRNA and regulates RNA translation and cellular metabolism. However, the role and transcriptomic mechanism of NSUN3 in remodeling the glioma immune microenvironment remain unclear. In this study, mRNA sequencing was performed on NSUN3-knockdown glioma cells and control cells to identify differentially expressed mRNAs and related signaling pathways. Total RNA was extracted, and mRNA was enriched for library construction and high-throughput sequencing. Bioinformatics analyses including quality control, read mapping, gene quantification, differential expression screening, and functional enrichment (GO, KEGG, GSEA) were conducted. We identified a series of differentially expressed mRNAs associated with tRNA modification, mitochondrial transfer, tunneling nanotube formation, and immune regulation. These mRNAs were significantly enriched in immune response, cellular metabolism, and tumor progression pathways. Our transcriptomic data provide a comprehensive resource for understanding the mechanism by which NSUN3 drives tunneling nanotube-mediated mitochondrial transfer and remodels the glioma immune microenvironment, and offer potential targets for glioma immunotherapy.