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Sex-Dependent Effects of Neonatal Hyperoxia on Prefrontal Cortex Development

GSE331357 Mus musculus (mouse) ChIP-seq / ATAC-seq (genome binding and open chromatin) 24 samples Submitted 2026/07/15 Platform GPL24247
At a glance

ChIP-seq / ATAC-seq (genome binding and open chromatin) · mouse · 24 samples

What it is
ChIP-seq / ATAC-seq (genome binding and open chromatin)Where proteins bind the genome, or which regions are open and active.
Organism
Mus musculus (mouse)
Samples
24 samples: 24 samples, each with a distinct title — no replicated groupsGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Summary (written by the submitters)
Premature infants often require oxygen therapy, which increases the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and long-term cognitive impairment. The prefrontal cortex (PFC), essential for higher-order cognition, may be particularly vulnerable to neonatal hyperoxia, yet the cellular and molecular effects remain unclear. We exposed C57Bl/6 mouse pups to hyperoxia (85% O₂) or normoxia from postnatal days 1–14 and performed single nucleus RNA and ATAC sequencing of the PFC, complemented by oligodendrocyte progenitor cell assays and validation in mouse and human brain tissues.
Read the full summary ↓
Hyperoxia reduced L4/5 intratelencephalic projecting glutamatergic neurons in females and mature oligodendrocytes in males, accompanied by consistent repression of myelination genes proteolipid protein 1 (Plp1) and myelin basic protein (Mbp) and altered chromatin accessibility. Oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (Olig2) was induced in both sexes, whereas lysine demethylase 3A (Kdm3a) activation was female specific. Hyperoxia activated Netrin-1 signaling in males and disrupted tumor protein p53 (TP53)-regulated metabolic pathways in females. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation were inhibited in vitro, and human bronchopulmonary dysplasia PFC samples recapitulated these core alterations. Together, these findings demonstrate that neonatal hyperoxia disrupts PFC development through sex-dependent effects on neuronal differentiation, oligodendrocyte maturation, and transcriptional regulation. Concordant mouse-human myelination deficits highlight the pathological relevance of oxygen exposure and underscore the importance of considering sex as a biological variable in preterm brain injury.
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE331357_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: Look for peak files (.bed, .narrowPeak) and signal tracks (.bigWig) among the supplementary files; the raw reads are on ENA.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1467750 and SRA study SRP701844. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Study design
24 samples, each with a distinct title — no replicated groups

Any grouping that defines a comparison lives in the sample characteristics, which GEO records separately from the titles.

How we read this: Read from 24 sample titles: 24 distinct titles with little repetition. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
Datasets on a similar topic

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Metadata from NCBI GEO, cached and refreshed periodically — the NCBI page above is authoritative. Downloads link straight to NCBI/ENA; nothing is proxied through BioTransfer.