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iNOS is a key mediator of anti-PD-1 melanoma therapy response

GSE334585 Mus musculus (mouse) RNA-seq (gene expression) 48 samples Submitted 2026/07/15 Platform GPL24247
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · mouse · 48 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Mus musculus (mouse)
Samples
48 samples: 48 samples, each with a distinct title — no replicated groupsGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
iNOS is a key mediator of anti-PD-1 melanoma therapy responseFrontiers in immunology · 2026
Summary (written by the submitters)
Background: Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and its product nitric oxide (NO) were historically linked to poor melanoma outcomes, yet recent evidence shows NO supports anti-tumor immunity. This study examines how iNOS shapes anti–PD-1 efficacy, particularly through interferon signaling. Methods: B16 D5 melanoma tumors were implanted in wild-type (WT) and iNOS knockout (KO) mice to compare tumor growth and response to anti–PD-1 therapy.
Read the full summary ↓
Flow cytometry, apoptosis assays, and RNA sequencing assessed NO production, PD-L1 expression, and interferon-related gene activation. In vitro, melanoma cells were treated with NO donors (DETA NONOate, SNAP) to assess proliferation and apoptosis. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 27 melanoma patients receiving anti–PD-1 therapy were analyzed with multiparameter flow cytometry to correlate NO-associated immune subsets with progression-free survival (PFS). Results: Tumors grew significantly faster in iNOS KO mice, and anti–PD-1 therapy had no effect, demonstrating that iNOS-derived NO contributes to treatment efficacy. NO donors inhibited melanoma proliferation and induced apoptosis in vitro. Transcriptomic analysis showed anti–PD 1 upregulated interferon pathway genes (STAT1, IRF1, IFNB1) in WT but not iNOS KO mice. In patients, a NO-producing dendritic cell subset (DAF FM⁺CD11c⁺) was associated with improved PFS (hazard ratio 0.453; 95% CI=0.270-0.992; p = 0.048), indicating a NO-dependent enhancement of interferon-driven immune activity.
Published in
iNOS is a key mediator of anti-PD-1 melanoma therapy response
Nguyen QT, Kim Y, Le THN et al. · Frontiers in immunology 2026 · PMID 42440610 · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1837275
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE334585_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1475509 and SRA study SRP707317. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Study design
48 samples, each with a distinct title — no replicated groups

Any grouping that defines a comparison lives in the sample characteristics, which GEO records separately from the titles.

How we read this: Read from 48 sample titles: 48 distinct titles with little repetition. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study

+ 8 more — browse all 48 samples with per-sample file links →

Datasets on a similar topic

Search all mouse RNA-seq datasets in GEO →

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Metadata from NCBI GEO, cached and refreshed periodically — the NCBI page above is authoritative. Downloads link straight to NCBI/ENA; nothing is proxied through BioTransfer.