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Development of a Gene Editing Strategy to Enhance CAR-T Therapy Through Inducible IL-15 Expression at the PD-1 Locus

GSE337294 Homo sapiens (human) RNA-seq (gene expression) 9 samples Submitted 2026/07/02 Platform GPL24676
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · human · 9 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Samples
9 samples: 9 samples, each with a distinct title — no replicated groupsGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Summary (written by the submitters)
Background: Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with genetically engineered T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) has emerged as a promising treatment option for refractory leukaemia or lymphoma patients. Despite its success in type B malignancies, CAR-T cell therapy still faces challenges such as toxicity, inactivation by the tumour microenvironment (TME), and low cell persistence in patients.
Read the full summary ↓
Results: In this study, we developed an AAV6/Cas9-based knock-in platform to repurpose the PD-1 locus for inducible IL-15 expression. We initially demonstrated that anti-CD19 CAR-T cells lacking PD-1 expression exhibited reduced expansion capacity and overall fitness compared to control CAR-T cells. However, as expected, they showed an improved ability to lyse PDL1+ target cells compared to CAR-T WT cells. To enhance the fitness of PD-1 KO CAR-T cells, we generated PD-1KIL-15 CAR-T cells, which, in addition of been PD-1 KO, express IL-15 under the control of the PD-1 endogenous promoter. Compared to CAR T PD-1 KO cells, PD-1KIL-15 CAR-T cells I displayed improved phenotype, viability and metabolism... More importantly, they also demonstrated enhanced lytic capacity of PDL1+ CD19+ target cells, correlating with increased resistance to apoptosis and improved cell fitness. Conclusions: In summary, we present a new gene editing platform to generate 4th generation CAR-T cells (TRUCKs) that are PD-1 KO and express IL-15 upon T cell activation and/or exhaustion. This platform addresses the limitations associated with knocking-out PD-1 and those associated with sustained IL-15 cytokine expression. The same platform can be used to generate PD-1 KO TRUCKs targeting different antigens and expressing different cytokines under the control of the PD-1 gene promoter.
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE337294_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA1484667 and SRA study SRP714444. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Study design
9 samples, each with a distinct title — no replicated groups

Any grouping that defines a comparison lives in the sample characteristics, which GEO records separately from the titles.

How we read this: Read from 9 sample titles: 9 distinct titles with little repetition. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study
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Metadata from NCBI GEO, cached and refreshed periodically — the NCBI page above is authoritative. Downloads link straight to NCBI/ENA; nothing is proxied through BioTransfer.