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Multiple subpopulations in medullary thymic epithelial cells are regulated by Aire with distinctive modes of gene regulations [bulkRNA-seq]

GSE205410 Mus musculus (mouse) Single-cell RNA-seq 47 samples Submitted 2025/03/12 Platform GPL28457Platform GPL21103Platform GPL17021
At a glance

Single-cell RNA-seq · mouse · 47 samples

What it is
Single-cell RNA-seqGene activity measured in thousands of individual cells, so cell types can be told apart. Read from the summary: GEO's own type field only says 'expression profiling by sequencing', so confirm it in the paper.
Organism
Mus musculus (mouse)
Samples
47 samples: 44 distinct titles, 2 of them repeatedGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
Role of PRC2 in the stochastic expression of Aire target genes and development of mimetic cells in the thymusThe Journal of experimental medicine · 2025
Summary (written by the submitters)
Aire, a transcriptional regulator whose defect results in the development of autoimmunity, controls the transcriptome in the bulk of medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) including the genes for self-antigens. Mechanisms for this process, however, remained incompletely understood, especially regarding the effects of Aire in each subpopulation in mTECs.
Read the full summary ↓
Here, we combined single-cell multi-omics (scMulti-seq) technologies by which gene expression and open chromatin were simultaneously profiled from the same cell and deeper single-cell sequencing by RamDA-seq which enabled profiling of the minimum dropout. scMulti-seq effectively demonstrated the subpopulations among mTECs associated with diverse transcription factor activities which are affected by Aire and developmental stages, while RamDA-seq revealed the different modes of gene regulations by Aire in different subpopulations. Aire is not only essential for the development of a specific population in which Aire induces a set of genes in a stochastic manner but also promotes the development of multiple subpopulations in which Aire enhances the expressions of genes in a coordinated manner. The former group of Aire-induced genes was characterized by enhanced H3K27me3 chromatin modifications and Aire seems to unleash these silenced genes by deactivating polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). We also found unique gene signatures for the neonatal stage such as high expression of chemokines and expression of cortical TEC (cTEC)-like genes in TECs, which were Aire-independent. Our approach has illuminated the multilayered transcriptional control in mTECs governing the multiple subpopulations organizing the thymic microenvironment.
Published in
Role of PRC2 in the stochastic expression of Aire target genes and development of mimetic cells in the thymus
Matsumoto M, Yoshida M, Oya T et al. · The Journal of experimental medicine 2025 · PMID 40244172 · doi:10.1084/jem.20240817
This dataset
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE205410_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

What the files usually look like: Single-cell studies usually ship their counts as 10x files (matrix.mtx, barcodes.tsv, features.tsv), an .h5 file, or an .rds / .h5ad object that Seurat or Scanpy can open. Look for those among the supplementary files.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA844982 and SRA study SRP378239. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

Study design
44 distinct titles, 2 of them repeated
mTEClo, neonate, AireEEDdKO, ×3 mTEClo, neonate, EEDcKO, ×2

How we read this: Read from 47 sample titles: 44 distinct titles with little repetition. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study

+ 7 more — browse all 47 samples with per-sample file links →

Datasets on a similar topic

Search all mouse RNA-seq datasets in GEO →

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