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Gestational and Postnatal Age Define Airway Epithelial Maturation and RSV Responses During the First Year of Life: Results of an ex-vivo/in-vitro Airway Epithelial Cell Study

GSE231666 Homo sapiens (human) RNA-seq (gene expression) 47 samples Submitted 2026/04/17 Platform GPL18573
At a glance

RNA-seq (gene expression) · human · 47 samples

What it is
RNA-seq (gene expression)Gene activity measured by sequencing. The summary does not mention single-cell work, so this is most likely bulk: one average per sample, the usual starting point for comparing groups.
Organism
Homo sapiens (human)
Samples
47 samples: 8 conditions, mostly with about 5 replicates eachGroups are read from the sample names, not from the paper. Check the list below.
Data you can get
A processed table (series matrix) and supplementary files from NCBI; the raw sequencing reads from ENA. Which of these hold counts depends on the study, so check the file list.
Paper
Gestational and postnatal age define airway epithelial maturation and RSV responses during the first year of life: results of an ex-vivo/in-vitro Airway Epithelial Cell StudyThorax · 2026
Summary (written by the submitters)
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection in infants globally.  Newborns, especially those born prematurely, are at increased risk of severe RSV-related illness, yet the influence of age on early-life airway epithelium innate immune responses remains relatively understudied.  We established ex-vivo/in-vitro well-differentiated paediatric nasal epithelial cell (WD-PNEC) cultures derived from preterm and term infants at birth and again at one-year-old.
Read the full summary ↓
Infection characteristics and innate immune responses were determined following in vitro RSV infection.  RSV growth kinetics and cytopathology were similar irrespective of gestation or age.  Secretion of interferon lambda-1 (IFN-λ1), CXCL10, CCL5, and CXCL8 were comparable between RSV-infected preterm- and term-newborn WD-PNECs.  Importantly, following RSV infection, secretion of RSV-induced IFN-λ1 (p<0.05) and CCL5 (p<0.01) and expression of the IFN-stimulated gene, IFI6 (p<0.05) were significantly higher in one-year- compared to newborn-derived WD-PNECs. Interestingly, secretion of the cell signalling cytokine pleiotrophin increased significantly with longer gestation (p<0.01) and older age (p<0.001). Differential gene expression analysis demonstrated 156 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with age and revealed transcriptomic changes linked to gestation in newborns that persisted at 1-year. These findings indicate two major conclusions.  Firstly, we report transcriptomic differences in airway epithelial cell (AEC) development between term and preterm infants across the first year of life.  Secondly, we demonstrate that RSV infection responses of AECs become more robust with age in early-life.  Further investigation of identified DEGs and differentially expressed chemokines/cytokines is warranted to clarify their role in increased susceptibility of very young infants to severe RSV disease, as well as the significance of these factors in the emergence of wheezing phenotypes and long-term respiratory outcomes.
Published in
Gestational and postnatal age define airway epithelial maturation and RSV responses during the first year of life: results of an ex-vivo/in-vitro Airway Epithelial Cell Study
Groves HE, Mccabe M, Coey JD et al. · Thorax 2026 · PMID 42150883 · doi:10.1136/thorax-2025-224127
This dataset
Open GSE231666 in finder → Find more human RNA-seq datasets →
Download · which file do I need?

Direct links to NCBI and ENA, no account and no request form. Pick by what you want to do: take the small processed table to look, the supplementary files to re-analyse, or the original raw data to start over.

1 · Just have a look

Processed table

The series matrix: one table of values per sample as the submitters processed it. The smallest download, and it opens in Excel or R. Start here to see what the data look like.

Series matrix ↓
2 · Re-analyse it

Supplementary files

The count tables and other files the authors uploaded. Take only the samples you need, or the whole study as GSE231666_RAW.tar (it can run to tens of gigabytes).

All supplementary files ↗ Whole study · RAW.tar ↓
3 · Start from the raw reads

Raw sequencing reads

The original FASTQ files, straight from the sequencer, held at ENA. Large, and you align them yourself, so only choose this if you need to re-process the study from scratch.

Raw reads on ENA ↗

What the files usually look like: For RNA-seq the counts are usually a table among the supplementary files (look for 'counts', 'expression', 'FPKM' or 'TPM' in the file name). The series matrix of a sequencing study is sometimes nearly empty.

Also filed as BioProject PRJNA967269 and SRA study SRP435943. Searching any of these in the dataset finder brings you back here.

NCBI GEO page ↗ Paper (PMID 42150883) ↗
Study design
8 conditions, mostly with about 5 replicates each
Y1mock_term_NOB2020_S ×8 Y0mock_term_NOB2020_S ×7 Y0RSV_term_NOB2020_S ×6 Y1RSV_term_NOB2020_S ×6 Y0RSV_termB2019_S ×5 Y0mock_termB2019_S ×5 Y1mock_termB2019_S ×5 Y1RSV_termB2019_S ×4 +1 more

Supports a between-group comparison across 46 samples.

How we read this: 8 replicated groups read from 47 sample titles; they account for 46 of them. These groups are guessed from the sample names, not taken from the paper, so check them against the sample list below before relying on them.

Samples in this study

+ 7 more — browse all 47 samples with per-sample file links →

Datasets on a similar topic

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