Isolation, identification and osteogenic capability analysis of mesenchymal stem cells derived from different layers of human maxillary sinus membrane

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from different tissue sources have different biological processes and differentiation abilities. Although previous studies confirm that MSCs derived from human maxillary sinus membrane (hMSM) can be cultured in vitro, it cannot confirm whether they belong to the same type and possess the same differentiation ability. In this study, lamina propria layer derived MSCs (hLMSCs) and periosteum layer derived MSCs (hPMSCs) from hMSM are isolated and expanded using explant cell culture method and the biological characteristics of hLMSCs and hPMSCs are compared using RNA sequencing. According to RNA sequencing and subsequent functional verification, hLMSCs and hPMSCs are identified as CD171+/CD90+ and CD171-/CD90+ phenotypes separately. This study suggests that two different types of MSCs can be identified and isolated from hMSMs. Both cells serve as good MSCs potential candidates for bone regeneration. It also indicates that hLMSCs and hPMSCs are valuable in vitro tools for preclinical studies and future exploration of the origin osteogenesis machenism in maxillary sinus region.